Effect on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Electromagnetic Stirring during GMA Welding of 2205 DSS Plates

Abstract

Plates, 6.3 mm thick, of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) were gas metal arc welded (GMAW) under the application of an axial magnetic field (0 to 15 mT) with an ER-2209 filler wire using a gas mixture of 98%Ar + 2%O2. Microstructural characterization of the welds revealed that electromagnetic stirring (EMS) increases the content of austenite in both weld center and high temperature heat affected zone (HTHAZ). It induced a grain refining effect during freezing of the ferritic matrix which in turn enabled more sites for nucleation of austenite. This mechanism of solidification was reflected in an increase in the mechanical strength of the welds. Besides, the extent of the HTHAZ was reduced and its microhardness increased when applying the external magnetic field. It is believed that the vibration induced in this region favored the regeneration of austenite in the ferritized HTHAZ enhancing the balance of phases.

Characterisation of weld bead and microhardness of SS316L weld overlays on S355J2+N steel using GTAW under E-type magnet

“…The comparison of microhardness distribution performed with or without magnetic field clearly illustrates that the microhardness values consistently exhibit higher trends across different excitation currents under both magnetic configurations, exceeding those obtained without the application of a magnetic field. This can be explained by the alteration in the solidification rate induced by the magnetic fields, leading to improved uniformity and grain size refinement in the fusion zone microstructure, thereby influencing the microhardness [8, [19][20][21].…”

Effect of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Organization and Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Narrow-Gap Laser-MIG Hybrid Weld Head

“…The results show that not only can the plasma temperature be increased under the effect of the magnetic field, but also that the melt pool flow is more uniform under a certain magnetic field strength. Applying the magnetic field assistance in the welding process and utilizing the electromagnetic stirring (EMS) effect generated by the magnetic field can achieve the purpose of refining the grain [20,21] and balancing the ratio of the two phases [22][23][24]. Zhu et al [25] applied a perpendicular magnetic field in 316 L narrow-gap laser-MIG hybrid welding.…”

Metallurgical Characterization of API X65 Steel Joint Welded by MIG Welding Process with Axial Magnetic Field

“…In comparison to the plain welds, the high levels of porosity in the weld bead were significantly reduced with the application of the axial magnetic field. This effect is explained in terms of the electromagnetic stirring of the weld pool and the direction of the magnetic flux lines that favor rejection of the gas within the weld pool toward the top 19,27 . Another distinctive microstructural feature is that the columnar grains are larger in length but shorter in width for the weld with magnetic field as compared to the plain weld.…”

“…It is known that the application of magnetic fields during the welding process improved the mechanical and corrosion properties of stainless steels [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] , aluminum alloys 25,26 and other steels [27][28][29] and alloys [30][31][32] . While high magnetic fields have been employed to modify solid phase transformations 24,29 , magnetic fields in the order of a few mT are used during arc welding in order to modify the grain structure of the weld bead 22,23,25,27 .…”