Effect on the Epigallocatechin Gallate/Epigallocatechin Ratio in a Green Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>L.) Extract of Different Extraction Temperatures and Its Effect on IgA Production in Mice

Monobe, Manami; Ema, Kaori; Tokuda, Yoshiko; Maeda‐Yamamoto, Mari

doi:10.1271/bbb.100498

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“… a Assessment = conclusion of a reference on a hypothesized effect; b reference = trial x plant species x indication; + = reference proves evidently the hypothesized effect; ? = reference shows uncertain hypothesized effect; o = reference does not prove evidently the hypothesized effect 1 [ 328 , 329 ] 2 [ 330 ] 3 [ 331 ] 4 [ 331 ] 5 [ 332 ] 6 [ 333 ] 7 [ 334 ] 8 [ 78 , 80 ] 9 [ 65 , 67 , 68 , 79 , 335 ] 10 [ 79 ] 11 [ 133 , 336 , 337 ] 12 [ 336 , 338 – 348 ] 13 [ 134 , 349 ] 14 [ 131 , 350 ] 15 [ 351 ] 16 [ 352 , 353 ] 17 [ 354 ] 18 [ 99 , 100 , 355 – 368 ] 19 [ 369 ] 20 [ 102 , 370 – 374 ] 21 [ 93 , 97 , 98 , 375 – 380 ] 22 [ 381 , 382 ] 23 [ 383 ] 24 [ 384 ] 25 [ 385 ] 26 [ 386 ] 27 [ …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundGastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35 %; piglets ≤ 50 %) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80 %; piglets ≤ 40 %). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. Multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the research in novel treatment options. Medicinal plants bear a potential as alternative or additional treatment. Based on the versatile effects of their plant specific multi-component-compositions, medicinal plants can potentially act as ‘multi-target drugs’. Regarding the plurality of medicinal plants, the aim of this systematic review was to identify potential medicinal plant species for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and for modulation of the immune system and inflammation in calves and piglets.ResultsBased on nine initial sources including standard textbooks and European ethnoveterinary studies, a total of 223 medicinal plant species related to the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases was identified. A defined search strategy was established using the PRISMA statement to evaluate 30 medicinal plant species starting from 20’000 peer-reviewed articles published in the last 20 years (1994–2014). This strategy led to 418 references (257 in vitro, 84 in vivo and 77 clinical trials, thereof 48 clinical trials in veterinary medicine) to evaluate effects of medicinal plants and their efficacy in detail. The findings indicate that the most promising candidates for gastrointestinal diseases are Allium sativum L., Mentha x piperita L. and Salvia officinalis L.; for diseases of the respiratory tract Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Thymus vulgaris L. and Althea officinalis L. were found most promising, and Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Origanum vulgare L. were identified as best candidates for modulation of the immune system and inflammation.ConclusionsSeveral medicinal plants bear a potential for novel treatment strategies for young livestock. There is a need for further research focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets, and the findings of this review provide a basis on plant selection for future studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0714-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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“…On the other hand, the solubility of theanine is high (370 mg/mL), even at room temperature. When green tea is eluted with low temperature water, the relative ratio of theanine to EGCG and caffeine in eluate is higher than when eluted with hot water [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, in this experiment, we examined the anti-stress effect of SGT and LCGT that had been eluted with room temperature water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Stress and Improved Sleep Quality Caused by Green Tea Are Associated with a Reduced Caffeine Content

et al. 2017

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Caffeine, one of the main components in green tea, can interfere with sleep and block the effect of theanine. Since theanine, the main amino acid in tea leaves, has significant anti-stress effects in animals and humans, we examined the effects of green tea with lowered caffeine content, i.e., low-caffeine green tea (LCGT), on stress and quality of sleep of middle–aged individuals (n = 20, mean age 51.3 ± 6.7 years) in a double-blind crossover design. Standard green tea (SGT) was used as the control. These teas (≥300 mL/day), which were eluted with room temperature water, were consumed over a period of seven days after a single washout term. The level of salivary α-amylase activity (sAA), a stress marker, was significantly lower in participants that consumed LCGT (64.7 U/mL) than in those that consumed SGT (73.9 U/mL). Sleep quality was higher in participants that consumed a larger quantity of LCGT. In addition, a self-diagnostic check for accumulated fatigue was significantly lower in those participants that consumed LCGT than SGT. These results indicate that LCGT intake can reduce stress in middle-aged individuals and improve their quality of sleep. The reduction in caffeine is suggested to be a valid reason for enhancing the anti-stress effect of green tea.

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“…Recent studies have reported that increased IgA is the result of enhanced immune response due to activated antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. 30) Iron deficiency is associated with diminished number of T cells, decreases in IL-2 secretion, macrophage migrationinhibitory factor production and neutrophils, and lower NK cell activity. 31) In particular, in cases of iron deficiency, IL-6 reduction has been reported immunologically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Minerals on Intestinal IgA Production Using Deep Sea Water Drinks

Shiraishi

Fujino

Shirakawa

et al. 2017

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Minerals are essential for life, as they are a vital part of protein constituents, enzyme cofactors, and other components in living organisms. Deep sea water is characterized by its cleanliness and stable low temperature, and its possible health-and medical benefits are being studied. However, no study has yet evaluated the physical properties of the numerous commercially available deep sea water products, which have varying water sources and production methods. We analyzed these products' mineral content and investigated their effect on living organism, focusing on immune functions, and investigated the relation between physiological immunoactivities and mineral intake. We qualitatively analyzed the mineral compositions of the deep sea water drinks and evaluated the drinks' physical properties using principal component analysis, a type of multivariate analysis, of their mineral content. We create an iron and copper-deficient rat model and administered deep sea water drinks for 8 weeks. We then measured their fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) to evaluate immune function. Principal component analysis suggested that physical properties of deep sea water drinks could be determined by their sources. Administration of deep sea water drinks increased fecal IgA, thus tending to stimulate immune function, but the extent of this effect varied by drink. Of the minerals contained in deep sea water, iron showed positive correlations with the fecal IgA. The principal component analysis used in this study is suitable for evaluating deep sea water containing many minerals, and our results form a useful basis for comparative evaluations of deep sea water's bioactivity.

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Effect on the Epigallocatechin Gallate/Epigallocatechin Ratio in a Green Tea (Camellia sinensisL.) Extract of Different Extraction Temperatures and Its Effect on IgA Production in Mice

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

Reduced Stress and Improved Sleep Quality Caused by Green Tea Are Associated with a Reduced Caffeine Content

Effect of Minerals on Intestinal IgA Production Using Deep Sea Water Drinks

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