Effect on systemic antibody concentrations of topical application of choleratoxin to skin of sheep

Cope, Rhian B.; Colditz, Ian G.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10540.x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, we should be cautious in extrapolating the findings of studies performed in different animal species to the target species because of differences in anatomy and physiology of the skin between species [56]. In a study conducted in sheep, transcutaneous immunisation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) together with CT failed to induce any detectable anti-BSA antibody responses [57]. This is in contrast to the observed strong anti-BSA antibody responses elicited after transcutaneous immunisation in mice [26].…”

Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Antigens onto bare skin: a ‘painless’ paradigm shift in vaccine delivery

Partidos¹

2003

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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The skin is an attractive route for delivery of vaccines because it is accessible and contains immunocompetent cells. This opens up the possibility that, in the future, vaccines could be administered in a simple, safe and practical way without requiring the use of needles and syringes. This review focuses on the methods developed to deliver vaccines via the intact skin. Candidate vaccine antigens can be delivered topically using particulate delivery systems and patch formulations containing the antigen with an ADP-ribosylating exotoxin as an adjuvant. The duration and type of elicited immune responses depend on the antigen, the adjuvant and the method of delivery. Already, the first clinical trial of transcutaneous delivery of vaccines has demonstrated the proof of the principle. However, despite these successes, there are several challenges ahead to be addressed before vaccines administered with a patch will be available over the counter.

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Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Antigens onto bare skin: a ‘painless’ paradigm shift in vaccine delivery

Partidos¹

2003

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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“…Although the mechanisms of stratum corneum penetration in TCI are not well understood 19 , the importance of hydration for humans is reinforced by the observation that TCI using hydration is effective in other mammalian species 20 .…”

Section: New Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcutaneous immunization: A human vaccine delivery strategy using a patch

Glenn

Taylor

Li³

et al. 2000

Nat Med

313

180

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Transcutaneous immunization, a topical vaccine application, combines the advantages of needle-free delivery while targeting the immunologically rich milieu of the skin. In animal studies, this simple technique induces robust systemic and mucosal antibodies against vaccine antigens. Here, we demonstrate safe application of a patch containing heat-labile enterotoxin (LT, derived from Escherichia coli) to humans, resulting in robust LT-antibody responses. These findings indicate that TCI is feasible for human immunization, and suggest that TCI may enhance efficacy as well as improve vaccine delivery.

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“…Protein antigen incorporated into ISCOMs can induce a systemic antibody response in sheep when painted onto intact skin (Colditz and Watson 1993). In a similar fashion, bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins (BARE) such as cholera toxin can induce systemic immune responses when applied to the intact surface of normal skin in a range of species including sheep (Chen et al 2000;Cope and Colditz 2000;Chen et al 2002) and cattle (Hammond et al 2000;Morrow et al 2001). This vaccine delivery method has been termed transcutaneous immunisation (TCI).…”

Section: Immune Responses In Skin Of Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fleece rot and dermatophilosis (lumpy wool) in sheep: opportunities and challenges for new vaccines

et al. 2021

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During prolonged wetting of the fleece, proliferation of bacterial flora often dominated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Dermatophilus congolensis can induce dermatitis and fleece damage termed fleece rot and dermatophilosis respectively, which predispose sheep to blowfly strike. A large research effort in the 1980s and 1990s on vaccines to control fleece rot and dermatophilosis met with limited success. This review examines theoretical and technological advances in microbial ecology, pathogenesis, immunology, vaccine development and the characterisation of microbial virulence factors that create new opportunities for development of vaccines against these diseases. Genomic technologies have now created new opportunities for examining microbial dynamics and pathogen virulence in dermatitis. An effective vaccine requires the combination of appropriate antigens with an adjuvant that elicits a protective immune response that ideally provides long-lasting protection in the field. A clinical goal informed by epidemiological, economic and animal welfare values is needed as a measure of vaccine efficacy. Due to dependence of fleece rot and dermatophilosis on sporadic wet conditions for their expression, vaccine development would be expedited by in vitro correlates of immune protection. The efficacy of vaccines is influenced by genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the animal. Advances in understanding vaccine responsiveness, immune defence in skin and immune competence in sheep should also inform any renewed efforts to develop new fleece rot and dermatophilosis vaccines. The commercial imperatives for new vaccines are likely to continue to increase as the animal welfare expectations of society intensify and reliance on pharmacotherapeutics decrease due to chemical resistance, market pressures and societal influences. Vaccines should be considered part of an integrated disease control strategy, in combination with genetic selection for general immune competence and resistance to specific diseases, as well as management practices that minimise stress and opportunities for disease transmission. The strategy could help preserve the efficacy of pharmacotherapeutics as tactical interventions to alleviate compromised welfare when adverse environmental conditions lead to a break down in integrated strategic disease control. P. aeruginosa and D. congolensis are formidable pathogens and development of effective vaccines remains a substantial challenge.

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Effect on systemic antibody concentrations of topical application of choleratoxin to skin of sheep

Abstract: Transdermal delivery may be feasible for livestock vaccines, however, further work is necessary to develop formulations that induce protective immunity by this route.

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Antigens onto bare skin: a ‘painless’ paradigm shift in vaccine delivery

Antigens onto bare skin: a ‘painless’ paradigm shift in vaccine delivery

Transcutaneous immunization: A human vaccine delivery strategy using a patch

Fleece rot and dermatophilosis (lumpy wool) in sheep: opportunities and challenges for new vaccines

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