Effect on phase-noise characteristics of Butler oscillator circuits having quartz crystal resonators on Base terminals

Abstract

We describe the phase-noise characteristics and analyze a model of the Butler crystal oscillators and propose an oscillation circuit with two quartz crystal resonators for the Base terminal of a Butler crystal oscillator and evaluated the phase noise in the carrier vicinity. The experiment and simulation were able to be carried out using the Colpitts oscillators to reduce the phase noise. However, in the recent mobile communication, it was requested that the oscillators, which were a high frequency, and Butler crystal oscillators corresponded to probable circuits of the reliability. The Butler crystal oscillator using two quartz crystal resonators, it was only implementation in the simulation before. We decided to demand previous simulation by the experiment this time. This noise decreased to −22.5 dBc Hz−1 with our oscillation circuit compared with that with only one quartz crystal resonator during our simulation and experiment.

Sensitive label-free immunoglobulin G detection using a MEMS quartz crystal microbalance biosensor with a 125 MHz wireless quartz resonator

“…Owing to their advantages of high stability, simple instrumentation, label-free detection, and capacity for real-time monitoring, quartz crystal resonators have been applied in a variety of areas, for example, the frequency source of communication systems, 1) gas sensors [2][3][4][5] and biosensors. [6][7][8][9][10] Based on the mass loading effect, quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) coated with water-absorbing materials, including graphene oxides, 11) nanodiamond film, 12) TiO 2 , 13) SnO 2 nanowires 14) and polydopamine/graphene oxide, 15) have been developed as sensitive humidity sensors.…”