Effect on health from consumption of meat and meat products

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on human health. Sodium nitrite in processed meat is known to be one of the main precursors of carcinogens, such as N-nitroso compounds. However, we previously found that processed meat is not the primary source of sodium nitrite; nitrate or the conversion of nitrate in vegetables are contribute to generate more than 70% Sodium nitrite or nitrate containing compounds in body. Although the heavy consumption of meat is likely to cause various diseases, meat intake is not the only cause of colorectal cancer. Our review indicates that sodium nitrite derived from foods and endogenous nitric oxide may exhibit positive effects on human health, such as preventing cardiovascular disease or improving reproductive function. Therefore, further epidemiological studies considering various factors, such as cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, stress index, salt intake, and genetic factors, are required to reliably elucidate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on the incidence of diseases, such as colorectal cancer.

The Intake of Phosphorus and Nitrites through Meat Products: A Health Risk Assessment of Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia

“…Particularly young children population may be on significant risk for long term overconsumption. Some harmful effects of nitrites on humans, such as methemoglobinemia (leading to cyanosis or anaemic hypoxia, which can be potentially lethal, especially in infants and children, who have lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cyb5r reductase activity, which converts methaemoglobin to haemoglobin), and cancerogenic nitrosamines formation, are well documented [19,51]. Related to cancerogenic nitrosamines, in 2010 the IARC, declared, "There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nitrite in combination with amines or amide.…”

“…Furthermore, there is no sufficient evidence for risk of diabetes type 1 [54]. Nevertheless, some clinical studies have also demonstrated beneficial effects of dietary nitrates and nitrites, through their conversion to nitric oxide, especially in cardiovascular, immune, metabolic, and neural and reproductive health, and consumption of nitrites above the legislative limits are questioned as being less harmful [51,55]. ).…”

Bio-Doped Microbial Nanosilica as Optosensing Biomaterial for Visual Quantitation of Nitrite in Cured Meats

“…Calcium is especially needed by the proteolytic system of calpain-calpastatin, the major factors in the postmortem tenderization of skeletal muscles [ 45 ]. The content of nitrate (NO 3 − ) in processed meat products on the market is usually low, i.e., from 19–55 mg L −1 [ 13 ]. Ammonium (NH 4 + ), Ca 2+ , and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) ions caused an indicative interference effect on the optical nitrite biosensor response between nitrite and the interferent at a concentration ratio of 1:100.…”

“…However, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently raised concern over the adverse health effects of nitrite metabolic compounds, e.g., nitric oxide and NOCs, that favor the endogenous nitrosation of the amino acid substrate that is carcinogenic to humans [ 12 ]. The nitrite content in the processed meats was found to be in the range of 0.29 mg L −1 to 44.72 mg L −1 [ 13 ]. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), a public health regulatory agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), allows the safe use of nitrite not to exceed 156 mg L −1 per 100 pounds of meat in sausage products [ 14 ].…”

Impact of incorporating inorganic additives in processed meat production

“…Significant fat reduction and dramatic alteration in the meat lipid profile, which affects 106 lipids in 12 various groups [34] Sulfites 1. Consuming them has been linked to undesirable consequences and dysbiosis events in the oral and gut microbiota [5,35] 3.1.5 Antioxidants (BHA, BHT) Effect effectively inhibited by natural antioxidants such as rutin, α…”