Effect of δ-ferrite, lead and sulphur on hot workability of austenitic stainless steels with solidification structure

Tehovnik, Franc; Vodopivec, F.; Celin, Roman; Arzenšek, B.; Gontarev, J.

doi:10.1179/026708311x12916291424272

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…18 This can be beneficial as d-ferrite can be harmful to the final properties and the hot working is reduced by annealing. 19 Other than the difference in d-ferrite, there are no significant differences in the microstructure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De-oxidation of PK942 steel with Ti and Zr

Koležnik¹,

Burja²,

Batič³

et al. 2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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The effects of titanium and zirconium additions on the non-metallic inclusions and microstructure of PK942 (X11CrNiMo12) steel were investigated. Laboratory steel charges with additions of Ti, Zr and a combination of both elements were melted. The inclusions' size, quantity, distribution and composition were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Other than the difference in d-ferrite quantity, there are no significant differences in the microstructure. The Ti and Zr additions had a significant effect on the non-metallic inclusions, and while the addition of Ti did have an effect on the composition of inclusions, the addition of Zr also had a great effect on the size distribution and the number of non-metallic inclusions. The result of the Zr addition was a large reduction in the total non-metallic inclusion surface area. The additions of both titanium and zirconium had similar effects to the addition of Zr. Thermodynamic reactions were considered to explain the modification of the non-metallic inclusions. Keywords: non-metallic inclusions, clean steel, de-oxidation with Ti, de-oxidation with Zr, creep resistant steel S pomo~jo opti~ne ter elektronske mikroskopije se je preiskal vpliv dezoksidacije jekla PK942 (X11CrNiMo12) s cirkonijem, titanom ter kombinacijo obeh. Poudarek raziskave je bil na spremembi velikosti, razporeditve ter sestave nekovinskih vklju~kov v jeklu PK942. Razen v majhni razliki dele`a d-ferita, ni bilo bistvenega vpliva na osnovno mikrostrukturo jekla. Ve~ji vpliv pa se je pokazal na velikost, {tevilo ter kemi~no sestavo nekovinskih vklju~kov. Analiza nekovinskih vklju~kov je pokazala, da Ti vpliva predvsem na kemi~no sestavo, med tem ko ima Zr zelo velik vpliv tudi na velikostno porazdelitev ter {tevilo nekovinskih vklju~kov, rezultat~esar je manj{i skupni povr{inski dele`nekovinskih vklju~kov. Dodatek kombinacije Zr in Ti ima podoben vpliv kot dodatek Zr, vendar v manj{em obsegu. Pri razlagi modifikacije vklju~kov so se upo{tevale osnovne termodinami~ne reakcije oksidacije.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De-oxidation of PK942 steel with Ti and Zr

Koležnik¹,

Burja²,

Batič³

et al. 2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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“…Austenite cannot be obtained in non‐steady‐state equilibrium solidification. To obtain austenite, the material must be heated and slowly cooled down [Tehovnik ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cutting with an Abrasive Saw on Swarf Composition

Tsach

Finkelstein²,

Israelsohn-Azulay³

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Crime scene investigators are often asked to examine swarf from break-in sites and compare it with swarf found on a suspect. Occasionally, elemental composition of swarf from these two sources does not match. It is generally assumed that cutting metal does not induce changes in chemical composition. However, this study shows that, if a matrix contains iron, chromium, and nickel, composition of swarf produced from cutting the matrix with an abrasive saw may indeed alter. In this study, we cut a stainless steel sheet using a standard cutoff saw. Swarf was sorted and chemically analyzed by EDS/SEM, and the following relationships between chip morphology and modified composition were discovered: elongated chips remained unchanged; changes in the irregular chips appeared to be random, possibly because they are formed in a number of different ways; composition of spherical chips changed with size.

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“…The held d -ferrites from austenitic matrix are known to dodge longitudinal facial breaks and hot brevity during a continuing casting practice and to expand the material mechanical quality. However, according to Myllykoski and Suutala (1983) and Tehovnik et al (2013), the d -ferrite phase might be detrimental to hightemperature workability in austenitic stainless steels. Rho et al (1998) believed that the fatigue life is influenced by the d -ferrite of 304 L stainless steel and the interface between d -ferrite and austenite matrix played an essential function in the process of fatigue crack initiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of δ-ferrite on susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of 304 austenitic stainless steel in high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere

Bao

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

ACMM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of δ-ferrite on the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of type 304 stainless steel in hydrogen gas environment. Design/methodology/approach The mechanical properties of as-received and solution-treated specimens were investigated by the test of tensile and fatigue crack growth (FCG) in 5 MPa argon and hydrogen. Findings The presence of δ-ferrite reduced the relative elongation and the relative reduction area (H2/Ar) of 304 stainless steel, indicating that δ-ferrite increased the susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement in 304 stainless steel. Moreover, δ-ferrite promoted the fatigue crack initiation and propagation at the interface between δ-ferrite and austenite. The FCG tests were used to investigate the effect of δ-ferrite on the FCG rate in hydrogen gas environment, and it was found that δ-ferrite accelerated the FCG rate, which was attributed to rapid diffusion and accumulation of hydrogen around the fatigue crack tip through δ-ferrite in high-pressure hydrogen gas environment. Originality/value The dependence of the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement on δ-ferrite was first investigated in type 304 steel in hydrogen environment with high pressures, which provided the basis for the design and development of a high strength, hydrogen embrittle-resistant austenitic stainless steel.

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Effect of δ-ferrite, lead and sulphur on hot workability of austenitic stainless steels with solidification structure

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

De-oxidation of PK942 steel with Ti and Zr

De-oxidation of PK942 steel with Ti and Zr

Effect of Cutting with an Abrasive Saw on Swarf Composition

Effect of δ-ferrite on susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of 304 austenitic stainless steel in high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere

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