Effect of β-sitosterol self-microemulsion and β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid on lipid-lowering in hyperlipidemic mice

Abstract

Background The hypolipidemic effect of phytosterols has been wildely recognized, but its application is limited due to its insolubility in water and low solubility in oil. In this study, β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acids and β-sitosterol self-microemulsions were prepared and their hypolipidemic effects on hyperlipidemia mice were studied. Methods Firstly, the mice were randomly divided into normal group and model group,they were fed with basic diet and high-fat diet for 70 days respectively. After high-fat model mice was successfully established, the model group was further divided into eight groups: HFD (high-fat diet feeding), SELA-TSO(8 ml/kg, SELA:700 mg/kg), TSO (8 ml/kg), SSSM (8 ml/kg,SS:700 mg/kg), NLSM (8 ml/kg), SSHT-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) and SS-TSO (8 ml/kg, SS: 700 mg/kg) groups, and treated with β-sitosterol ester with linoleic acid, β-sitosterol self-microemulsion, commercial β-sitosterol health tablets and β-sitosterol powder for 35 days, respectively, and blank control groups were established. At the end of the treatment period, the blood lipid level, tissues, cholesterol and lipids in feces of mice in each group were investigated. Statistical and analytical data with SPSS 17.0 Software,statistical significance was set at p * < 0.05 and p ** < 0.01 levels . Results The order of lowering blood lipid effect is listed as: SSSM> SELA-TSO > SSHT-TSO > SS-TSO, which shows that β-sitosterolself-microemulsion have the highest treatment effect among the experimental groups. Conclusions In this study, a new formulation of β-sitosterol was developed, and its hypolipidemic effect was investigated. The results showed that β-sitosterol self-microemulsion has a good blood lipid lowering effect.

Functional compounds from olive pomace to obtain high‐added value foods – a review

“…Among the functional compounds in olive pomace, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds can be recovered, being worthy of attention by researchers for their possible implications for human health 62,67 . Olive pomace is rich in tocopherols and tocotrienols, 45,63 as well as in sterols, squalene, and carotenoids 64‐66 .…”

Antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib aqueous extracts in gut and liver perspective

“…For β-sitosterol, it is a regarded as a safe nutritional supplement that can be sold commercially in the market [ 22 ]. It was recognized to possess several bioactivities including anti-nociceptive [ 23 ], anxiolytic & sedative effects [ 24 ], analgesic [ 25 ], immune modulatory [ 26 ], antimicrobial [ 27 ], anti-inflammatory [ 28 ], protective effect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [ 29 ], lipid lowering [ 30 ], hepatoprotective [ 31 ], protective effect on respiratory diseases [ 32 ], wound healing [ 33 ], antidiabetic [ 34 ], antioxidant [ 35 ], and anticancer [ 36 ]. As an anticancer, it could inhibit the growth of HeLa, HT-29, KB, and MCF-7 cell lines with moderate IC 50 values ranging from 0.099 to 1.49 μg/mL [ 3 ].…”

Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract: An Effective Attenuator of Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…IGESE is shown to contain high contents of 4,6-di-O-methyl-alpha-d-galactose, n -hexadecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, γ -sitosterol, phytol, neophytadiene, ethyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, stigmasterol, vitamin E, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, Phytyl palmitate, campesterol, and lupeol. Phytosterols such as sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and phytols have been reported to effectively mitigate lipid peroxidation through antioxidant and free radical scavenging mechanisms and physically stabilize cell membrane [ 73 ] as well as effectively lowered cholesterol especially the LDL-c fraction [ 74 – 78 ]. Similarly, stigmasterol, γ -sitosterol, lupeol, lupeol acetate, and α -amyrin are known to exhibit other important pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities [ 79 ].…”

“…Thus, the presence of stigmasterol, γ -sitosterol, lupeol, phytols, and neophytadiene in high amounts in IGESE could be responsible for the cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, and antilipiperoxidation activities of IGESE in DOX-mediated cardiotoxic rats. Similarly, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, tannin, and saponin have been reported to elicit antithrombotic activities [ 89 – 91 ], and more specifically, plant-derived sitosterol has been reported to have anticoagulant and thrombus-preventing activities in mice [ 78 , 92 , 93 ]. Thus, the presence of these phytochemicals especially steroids and tannin in high amounts in IGESE could be responsible for the observed antithrombotic action of IGESE in DOX-intoxicated rats.…”