“…It has also been reported that incorporation of ZrO 2 as sintering additive improves the sinterability of metal matrix composites. 30 This is in agreement with a study conducted and reported by Shuan Ma. 31 The Zr-O rich phase (white phase) is not as noticeable in Figure 1(a) as it is in Figure 1(d), where the percentage composition of ZrO 2 is highest and uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix.Figure 1.Scanning electron micrographs of Ni-Cr-ZrO 2 composites sintered at different ZrO 2 content.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Therefore, a higher amount of energy would be needed to ensure the dislocation movement and this leads to an increase in the hardness of the composite. 30 Figure 6.Nanoindentation hardness and elastic modulus graph of Ni-Cr-ZrO 2 composite sintered at different ZrO 2 contents.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, a higher amount of energy would be needed to ensure the dislocation movement and this leads to an increase in the hardness of the composite. 30 Wear rate and the average coefficient of friction…”
Ni-Cr-ZrO2 composites with varying amounts of ZrO2 additive (5 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 10 wt% and 12.5 wt%) were fabricated using spark plasma sintering method at a sintering temperature of 1000°C, heating rate of 100°C/min, holding time of 5 min, and a pressure of 50 MPa. The effect of ZrO2 addition on the microstructure, tribological and mechanical properties of the developed composites were studied. The results showed that maximum densification was attained at 10 wt% ZrO2. Further increase in the fractions of ZrO2 within the composites results in a decrease in the relative density of the sintered composite. A significant increase in hardness from 433.24 HV to 510.11 HV and elastic modulus from 252.67 GPa to 294.6 GPa was observed in the fabricated samples as the ZrO2 content increase from 5 to 12.5 wt%. An appreciable improvement in the wear performance of the sintered samples was obtained with increasing ZrO2 content. The observed improvement in the properties of the sintered composites was attributed to the presence of the hard dispersoids of ZrO2 and formation of solid solution strengthening and hard Cr3Ni2 phases within the matrix of the sintered composites.
“…It has also been reported that incorporation of ZrO 2 as sintering additive improves the sinterability of metal matrix composites. 30 This is in agreement with a study conducted and reported by Shuan Ma. 31 The Zr-O rich phase (white phase) is not as noticeable in Figure 1(a) as it is in Figure 1(d), where the percentage composition of ZrO 2 is highest and uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix.Figure 1.Scanning electron micrographs of Ni-Cr-ZrO 2 composites sintered at different ZrO 2 content.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Therefore, a higher amount of energy would be needed to ensure the dislocation movement and this leads to an increase in the hardness of the composite. 30 Figure 6.Nanoindentation hardness and elastic modulus graph of Ni-Cr-ZrO 2 composite sintered at different ZrO 2 contents.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, a higher amount of energy would be needed to ensure the dislocation movement and this leads to an increase in the hardness of the composite. 30 Wear rate and the average coefficient of friction…”
Ni-Cr-ZrO2 composites with varying amounts of ZrO2 additive (5 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 10 wt% and 12.5 wt%) were fabricated using spark plasma sintering method at a sintering temperature of 1000°C, heating rate of 100°C/min, holding time of 5 min, and a pressure of 50 MPa. The effect of ZrO2 addition on the microstructure, tribological and mechanical properties of the developed composites were studied. The results showed that maximum densification was attained at 10 wt% ZrO2. Further increase in the fractions of ZrO2 within the composites results in a decrease in the relative density of the sintered composite. A significant increase in hardness from 433.24 HV to 510.11 HV and elastic modulus from 252.67 GPa to 294.6 GPa was observed in the fabricated samples as the ZrO2 content increase from 5 to 12.5 wt%. An appreciable improvement in the wear performance of the sintered samples was obtained with increasing ZrO2 content. The observed improvement in the properties of the sintered composites was attributed to the presence of the hard dispersoids of ZrO2 and formation of solid solution strengthening and hard Cr3Ni2 phases within the matrix of the sintered composites.
Titanium (Ti) alloys are materials of interest in structural and chemical applications due to their low density, outstanding mechanical and chemical resistance properties. However, the mechanical properties still need to be enhanced to make them suitable as a replacement for Ni-based superalloys. There have been significant breakthroughs in the reinforcement of Ti alloy with a small weight percentage (wt.%) of ceramics. This work investigates the effect of TiN nanoparticles’ addition on the densification, phase transformation, microstructure, hardness, and compressive properties of Ti-7Al-1Mo ternary alloy. 3 wt.% of TiN nanoparticles was blended with Ti-7Al-1Mo powder, and the resulting admixed powder was consolidated via spark plasma sintering technique at 50 MPa pressure, 10 min holding time, and 1000 °C temperature. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry were used to characterise the microstructure and phase composition respectively. The microstructure of Ti-7Al-1Mo revealed a lamellar structure with alpha (α) phase and minor beta (β) phase with visible grain boundaries, while TiN reinforced Ti-7Al-1Mo composite microstructure shows a bimodal structure with reduction in the lamellar structure. Ti-7Al-1Mo ternary alloy has a hardness value of 352±17 HV0.1 and a compressive yield strength of 985±31 MPa. The composite shows an increment of 74 HV and 323 MPa in its hardness and compressive yield strength respectively in comparison to the ternary alloy.
“…Referring to the present state of knowledge [41,42] and efforts [43,44] made until now, this research shows a new approach of the composite structure fabrication by powder metallurgy methods, which for a stabile YSZ reinforcement phase could be obtained in the ultra-fine grain range beta-titanium matrix. This work evaluated an approach to composite structure fabrication with the additional properties characterization that shows a promising perspective for biomedical materials.…”
Ti(β) alloys have become an important class in the biomedical field due to low Young’s modulus, excellent physical properties, and biocompatibility. However, their properties, like biocompatibility and, also, low wear resistance, can be still enhanced. To improve those properties, a composites approach can be applied. This research shows a new approach of the composite structure fabrication by powder metallurgy methods which for a stabile yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) reinforcement phase could be obtained in the ultra-fine grain range beta-titanium matrix. In this work, the composites based on ultrafine-grain Ti-xMo (x = 23 wt%, 27 wt%, 35 wt%) alloys with addition 3 wt%, 5 wt% or 10 wt% YSZ, and 1 wt% Y2O3 were fabricated by the mechanical alloying and hot-pressing approach. Obtained composites were characterized in terms of their phase composition, microstructure, Young’s modulus, hardness, surface free energy (SFE), and corrosion resistance. The structure of composites consists of phases based on Ti–Mo, Ti(α), and YSZ. The oxide (YSZ) powder tends to agglomerate during processing, which is revealed in composites based on Ti23Mo and Ti27Mo. However, composites based on Ti35Mo are characterized by a high degree of dispersibility and this influences significantly the hardness value of the composites obtained. Only in the case of composites based on Ti35Mo, the decrease in Young’ Modulus is observed. All composites possess a hydrophilic surface property and good corrosion resistance.
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