Effect of ZnO-doped magnesium phosphate cements on osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs in vitro

Abstract

The insufficient osteogenesis of magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) limits its further application. It is significant to develop a bioactive MPC with osteogenic properties. In this work, MPCs were reinforced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The composition, microstructure, setting time, compressive strength and degradation of ZnO-NPs/MPCs (ZNMPCs) were evaluated. The results showed that the setting times of MPCs were prolonged from 8.2 to 25.3 min (5.0ZNMPC). The exothermic temperatures were reduced from 45.8 ± 0.4℃ (MPCs) to 39.3 ± 0.5℃ (1.0ZNMPC). The compressive strength of ZNMPC composite cement with 1 wt. % ZnO-NPs (1.0ZNMPC) was the highest (42.9 MPa) among all the composite cements. Furthermore, the ZNMPCs were cultured with mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). The results yielded that the ZNMPCs exhibited good cytocompatibility with enhanced differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization on mBMSCs, and it also pronouncedly elevated the expressions of genes and proteins involving osteogenesis. These findings suggested that ZNMPCs could drive the differentiation toward osteogenesis and mineralization of mBMSCs, providing a simple way to the MPC with enhanced osteogenesis for further orthopedic applications.

Zn-Doped Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cement Based on Struvite and Its Antibacterial Properties

“…A similar effect—the strengthening of magnesium phosphate cement by doping with 1 wt.% of ZnO resulting in a mechanical strength of 49.2 MPa—is explained by the authors of Ref. [ 45 ]. The incorporated ZnO not only acted as stress concentration points absorbing a large amount of energy and promoting shear strain of the MPC matrix under the influence of external stress but also served as an effective barrier to dislocation movement, and efficiently impeded crack extension.…”

Biomimetic Mineralization of Mn-Doped Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in the GelMa Hydrogel Acting as a Functional 3D Bioscaffold for Osteo Defect Repair

“…This suggests that the master transcription factor RUNX2 significantly regulates osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and its expression tends to decrease over time, possibly because differentiated cells express more late-stage osteogenic markers. , A similar trend was observed in the literature, indicating that RUNX2 is responsible for the initial induction of osteodifferentiation and that the subsequent commencement of osteoblast maturation (COL1, OCN) results in lower levels of RUNX2 expression. − It was observed that RUNX2 promoted ALP expression in GelMa–Al–Mn scaffolds significantly (Figure b). Collagen type 1 is a matrix maturation protein, which is an intermediate osteogenic marker secreted by differentiated stem cells Figure c depicts upregulated expression of the COL1 marker on day 21, which is significant for the GelMa–Al group.…”

“…Collagen type 1 is a matrix maturation protein, which is an intermediate osteogenic marker secreted by differentiated stem cells. 26 Figure 6c depicts upregulated expression of the COL1 marker on day 21, which is significant for the GelMa−Al group. Expression of OCN was observed in Figure 6d, and significantly higher levels of OCN were found in hUMSCs of the day 21 GelMa−Al− Mn scaffold.…”

“…Gelatin methacrylate is a biocompatible, naturally derived polymer with the advantage of photo-cross-linking in the presence of a lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) photoinitiator. , BCP influences the degradability and regeneration capabilities based on the calcium-to-phosphate ratio . Biphasic calcium phosphate consists of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate, which significantly impacted bone tissue regeneration as per the reported literature. ,, Doping with trace elements gained popularity to stabilize the phase of ceramic structures as well as enhance the bioactivity of bulk materials. − Addition of manganese (Mn) doping has previously exhibited a positive impact on stem cell differentiation into specific lineages based on doping concentration. , …”

Bibliometric Analysis of Zinc and Bone

“…Studies have found that ZnO-NP-enhanced MPCs exhibit characteristics such as prolonged setting time, reduced exothermic temperature, and increased compressive strength. Furthermore, co-culturing ZnO-NPs with murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) promotes the differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization capacity of mBMSCs and significantly increases the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins(Wang XM, Shi F, Zhao DC & Yan YG, 2022).…”