Effect of Zirconium Chloride as a Mordant on Flammability of Dyeing Wool with Madder

Abstract

In this research, the effect of zirconium salt as a mordant on flammabilityof dyeingwool fabric with madder was studied.Wool fabrics were treated with different concentrations of zirconium salt in water solution including 1, 3, 6 and 9% o.w.f. and the dyeing process was carried out on the fabrics in the states before, simultaneously and after-mordanting with madder. Formic acid and oxalic acid were used to generate acidic pH.The chemical characteristics and the changes induced by zirconium were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Flammability of samples was investigated by horizontal flammability test (HFT). The surfaces of untreated and treated fabrics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy to observe the morphological changes. The EDX results showed presence of zirconium salt on the surface of wool.The results show that zirconium treated fabrics have a higher weight and lower bending rigidity compared to untreated ones. Furthermore,the zirconium mordant made the wool fabric hydrophobic.

Visible Light Photocatalysts Based on Manganese Doped TiO2 Integrated Within Monolithic Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polymer Porous Monolith

“…The released methyl groups may further oxidized into HCHO or HCOOH. The bonds C−S and C−N are the most active parts of the MB remaining structure and can be easily broken by the radicals, the mechanism of which was already explained . The electrophilic attack of the OH radicals on the free doublet of heteroatom S, cause the oxidation of C−S and C−N.…”

Enhanced ultraviolet‐protectivetextiles based on reduced graphene oxide‐silver nanocomposites on polyethylene terephthalate usingultrasonic‐assisted in‐situthermal synthesis

“…The Australian/New Zealand standard (AS/NZS 4399:1996) classifies UPF ratings of fabrics into three major categories: good (UPF: 15–24), very good (UPF: 25–39) and, excellent (UPF: 40–50, 50+). In addition, the UV‐blocking property of the PET fabrics was tested by covering of the dyed wool fabrics under the UV radiation for 20 h. The woolen fabric was dyed with methylene blue (MB) and used as a substrate to evaluate the UV protection of the PET fabrics (photodegradation of MB under UVA irradiation) 32 . The color strength (K/S) (Equation ) and color coordinates ( L *, a *, b *, C * = ( a * 2 + b * 2 ) 0.5 and h * = tan −1 ( b */ a *)) of the UV‐exposed and unexposed dyed wool fabrics which is covered by different PET fabrics were obtained by using spectrophotometer.…”

“…In addition, the UV-blocking property of the PET fabrics was tested by covering of the dyed wool fabrics under the UV radiation for 20 h. The woolen fabric was dyed with methylene blue (MB) and used as a substrate to evaluate the UV protection of the PET fabrics (photodegradation of MB under UVA irradiation). 32 The color strength (K/S) (Equation 3) and color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, C* = (a* 2 + b* 2 ) 0.5 and h* = tan À1 (b*/a*)) of the UVexposed and unexposed dyed wool fabrics which is covered by different PET fabrics were obtained by using spectrophotometer. The color values were evaluated in CIELAB color space, the three axes being L* (lightness), a*(red-green) and b* (yellow-blue).…”