Effect of zinc supplementation on growth Hormone Insulin growth factor axis in short Egyptian children with zinc deficiency

Hamza, Rasha T.; Hamed, Amira; Sallam, Mahmoud T.

doi:10.1186/1824-7288-38-21

Cited by 56 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were demonstrated in an Italian prepubertal cohort [5]. Moreover, zinc supplementation improved growth velocity in at least two studies in GHD children [11,12]. If the role of vitamin D and calcium in bone homeostasis is well known, the role of zinc is often forgotten or widely unknown.…”

Section: Editorialsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Could zinc supplementation improve bone status in growth hormone (GH) deficient children?

Prodam

Aimaretti

2013

Endocrine

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EditorialReduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture rate have been reported in subjects with either childhood or adult onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD), more severe in childhood onset GHD [1,2]. A longer gap in GH replacement in adults with childhood onset GHD is associated with a lower bone mineralization and GH replacement has been suggested having a critical role in transition to adulthood to optimize bone accrual [3]. Furthermore, also a delay in starting GH replacement in GHD adults may be associated with a persistent increase in vertebral fracture risk [4]. However, many criticisms have been raised on these assumptions. Limitations of current bone imaging techniques have caused many artefacts about BMD and bone structure. Using appropriate size corrections, BMD is normal in children and adults with isolated GHD in several studies and the anabolic changes in muscle mass and strength may contribute to the observed bone changes [for critical reviews see 5, 6]. Briefly, many historical studies used T-scores in GHD children, comparing children's BMD with adult reference data. On the other hand, when age-and sex-Z scores have been introduced for the pediatric population, height remained a confounding factor and being tall or short for age leads to a false negative or a false positive result for BMD Z-score, respectively. Since 2008, official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry strongly recommend size correction for DXA measurements in the pediatric age [7]; however, no consensus exists how to correct measurements. To date, the most real effect of GHD on bone seems to be a reduction in bone volume ratio and trabecular thickness in both animal and human studies [5,6]. Moreover, we must not forget that GH replacement causes biphasic effects on the bone remodeling with early stimulation of bone resorption followed by a sustained increase in bone formation [8]: some controversial results of published literature could be due to the time from the start of the therapy. On the other hand, it is unclear whether changes in BMD may really predict the fracture risk in patients with GHD, as well as other forms of secondary osteoporosis, being other markers of bone quality still searched.The first point in favor of the paper by Ekbote et al. [9] in this issue of Endocrine is that the Authors performed size correction for DXA bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area (BA) measurements using height. They showed that in Indian prepubertal children with isolated GHD, height adjusted BMC and BA significantly increased of 48 and 40 %, respectively, after 1 year of GH treatment. These changes were associated with an increase in height adjusted lean body mass and a decrease in height adjusted body fat. Many previous studies in childhood onset GHD, in particular in Italian and Dutch cohorts, reported an increase in BMC in the range of 2-10 %, significantly lower than that observed in the present study [5,6]. However, it has to be emphasized that the majority of other studies did not ...

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Section: Editorialsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…If the role of vitamin D and calcium in bone homeostasis is well known, the role of zinc is often forgotten or widely unknown. Zinc is able to enhance the action of vitamin D in bone formation, and also the GH effects on bone [12]. Zinc concentrations in bone are very high being considered an essential component of the calcified matrix.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could zinc supplementation improve bone status in growth hormone (GH) deficient children?

Prodam

Aimaretti

2013

Endocrine

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“…Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) are important messengers of the trophic signals leading to bone elongation. As recently shown in zinc-deficient children [44], IGF is sensitive to the zinc status of the host. Zinc supplementation corrected the hormonal axis and led to significant linear growth.…”

Section: Zinc and Bone Growthmentioning

confidence: 94%

Update on Zinc Biology

Solomons¹

2013

Ann Nutr Metab

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Zinc has become a prominent nutrient of clinical and public health interest in the new millennium. Functions and actions for zinc emerge as increasingly ubiquitous in mammalian anatomy, physiology and metabolism. There is undoubtedly an underpinning in fundamental biology for all of the aspects of zinc in human health (clinical and epidemiological) in pediatric and public health practice. Unfortunately, basic science research may not have achieved a full understanding as yet. As a complement to the applied themes in the companion articles, a selection of recent advances in the domains homeostatic regulation and transport of zinc is presented; they are integrated, in turn, with findings on genetic expression, intracellular signaling, immunity and host defense, and bone growth. The elements include ionic zinc, zinc transporters, metallothioneins, zinc metalloenzymes and zinc finger proteins. In emerging basic research, we find some plausible mechanistic explanations for delayed linear growth with zinc deficiency and increased infectious disease resistance with zinc supplementation.

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“…So, zinc is an essential nutrient and plays an important role in the growth. Concomitantly, zinc deficiency has been known to cause growth retardation along with a drastic decrease in GH production and/or Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) (Hamza et al, 2012). One likely partial explanation for the growth restriction seen in zinc deficiency is the suppression of IGF-1 which the essential molecule for growth hormone physiology (Jayawardena et al, 2012).…”

Section: Ajavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Alterations in Zinc Deficient Sheep Associated by Hyperlactatemia

El‐Far¹

2013

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Blood samples from diseased and clinically healthy Balady sheep of both sexes were collected and subjected for biochemical analysis of serum glucose, fructosamine, lactate, growth hormone, insulin, creatine phosphokinase, Lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase. The obtained results revealed a significant decrease in serum zinc and growth hormone were stated. In contrary, serum glucose and lactate, insulin, CPK, LDH and aldolase were significantly increased statically. While, fructosamine levels were non-significantly increased. From these results can conclude that, in zinc deficient sheep the carbohydrate metabolism is directed toward the anaerobic one accompanied by hyperlactemia which induce muscle cramp and damages leading to increased CPK, LDH and aldolase which appear clinically as enlargement of knee joint, lameness and staggering gait. In addition, growth retardation and wool loss are the main clinical signs of reduction in growth hormone.

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Effect of zinc supplementation on growth Hormone Insulin growth factor axis in short Egyptian children with zinc deficiency

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Could zinc supplementation improve bone status in growth hormone (GH) deficient children?

Could zinc supplementation improve bone status in growth hormone (GH) deficient children?

Update on Zinc Biology

Biochemical Alterations in Zinc Deficient Sheep Associated by Hyperlactatemia

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