Effect of zeolites on morphology and properties of water-blown semi-rigid ammonium polyphosphate intumescent flame-retarding polyurethane foam

Li, Jie; Mo, Xuehua; Li, Yi; Zou, Huawei; Liang, Mei; Chen, Yang

doi:10.1007/s10965-017-1306-4

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…More zeolite increases the viscosity of reacting system, which adversely affects the expansion rate. Hence, the cell diameter diminishes and the density increases …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When foaming, zeolite crystal water absorbs reaction heat, which cannot be shortly accumulated, and avoids the internal defects despite a high loading of flame retardants . Li et al indicated that a combination of a high amount of ammonium polyphosphate and zeolite formed an intumescent flame‐retarding system that had the optimal flame retardant property and the optimal LOI was close to 27 . Xu et al used ZnO, Zeolite, MMT and phosphorus flame retardants as the flame resistant body of rigid polyurethane foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and property evaluations of zeolite rigid foam composites

Wang

Peng

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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Polyether polyol, isocyanate, and a flame retardant (10 wt%), zeolite (0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, 7 wt%, and 9 wt%) are used to form the rigid polyurethane (PU) foam, while a nylon nonwoven fabrics (400 g/m 2 ) and a polyester aluminum foil are combined to serve as the panel. The rigid PU foam and the panel are combined to form the rigid foam composites. The cell structure, compressive stress, combustion resistance, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, sound absorption, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of the rigid foam composites are evaluated, examining the effects of using flame retardant agent and zeolite. When the zeolite is 5 wt%, the rigid foam composites have an optimal density of 0.172 g/cm 3 , an average cell size of 0.2131 mm, a maximum compressive stress of 460.03Kpa, an optimal LOI of 28, and optimal EMSE of 40 dB, and the maximum thermal stability, thermal insulation, and sound absorption. K E Y W O R D S flame retardance, polyurethanes, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeolites

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“…More zeolite increases the viscosity of reacting system, which adversely affects the expansion rate. Hence, the cell diameter diminishes and the density increases …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and property evaluations of zeolite rigid foam composites

Wang

Peng

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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“…Therefore, PU foam has a smaller volume and a greater density. 25 The mechanical properties of the composites highly depend on the density, and the higher the density, the greater the compressive stress and modulus.…”

Section: Density and Compressive Stress Of Rigid Foam Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties, thermal stability, sound absorption, and flame retardancy of rigid PU foam composites containing a fire‐retarding agent: Effect of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide

Peng

Wang

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Isocyanate, polyether polyol, a flame retardant (10 wt%), and aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) are used to form the rigid polyurethane (PU) foam, while nylon nonwoven fabrics and a polyester aluminum foil are combined to serve as the panel. The rigid PU foam and panel are combined to form the rigid foam composites. The cell structure, compressive stress, combustion resistance, thermal stability, sound absorption, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the rigid foam composites are evaluated, examining the effects of using aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. Compared with magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide exhibits superior performance to the rigid foam composites. When aluminum hydroxide is 20 wt%, the rigid foam compositehas an optimal density of 0.153 g/cm 3 , an average cell size of 0.2466 mm, a maximum compressive stress of 546.44 Kpa, an optimal limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.5%, an optimal EMI SE of 40 dB, and excellent thermal stability and sound absorption.

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“…Over the past decades, halogen-free flame retardants have been increasingly applied in polymeric systems [17,18]. e phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) are widely used as halogen-free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity [19][20][21][22]. As an environment-friendly halogen-free flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has the advantages of low volatility, facilitating the release of toxic gas and smoke, and easier to synthesis [23], compared to the halogenated and phosphorus-based compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the effect of soluble ammonium polyphosphate (SAPP) on the thermal degradation, the flame resistance, and the mechanical properties of the SPUF has been studied [24]. However, APP/SPUF has a low flame retardant efficiency and thermo stability, which limits the application of it [19,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Water-Blow Polyurethane Foam

Yao

Zhang

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this research, expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were incorporated into water-blow semirigid polyurethane foam (SPUF) as flame retardants. The synergistic flame retardant effects of EG with APP in SPUF had been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal burning test, polarizing microscope, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that APP and EG used together in SPUF could effectively improve the flame retardancy of SPUF. When the EG to APP ratio reached 2 : 1 under the total content of flame retardants was kept constant as 20%, the LOI value was increased by about 51% compared to pure SPUF, 2.9% to SPUF/EG and 16.3% to SPUF/APP. Besides, the residual char was increased up to 27.7% displayed by TG test results. SEM shows that burned residues of EG/APP/SPUF present more compact char and worm-like structure. Furthermore, EG shows negative effect on the mechanical property of SPUF with 21.7% decrease in compression modulus, but the mechanical property can be improved by the addition of appropriate content of APP.

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Effect of zeolites on morphology and properties of water-blown semi-rigid ammonium polyphosphate intumescent flame-retarding polyurethane foam

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Preparation and property evaluations of zeolite rigid foam composites

Preparation and property evaluations of zeolite rigid foam composites

Mechanical properties, thermal stability, sound absorption, and flame retardancy of rigid PU foam composites containing a fire‐retarding agent: Effect of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Water-Blow Polyurethane Foam

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