Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and resistance to natural weathering of wood-plastic composites

Kumar, Sawan; Vedrtnam, Ajitanshu; Pawar, S. J.

doi:10.1007/s11709-019-0568-9

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…With respect to the hardness values, the increase in the wt % ASF content favours a slight increase in Shore-D hardness as expected since tensile characterization suggested increased stiffness. In fact, the Shore-D hardness increases from 60.2 (neat PHBH) to 66.2 (composite containing 30 wt % ASF) [30]. On the other hand, the impact resistance is one of the properties with the greatest decrease in uncompatibilized PHBH-ASF composites.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Phbh-asf/ola Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of (or poor) adhesion leads to formation of microscopic gaps that are responsible for a discontinuous material with the subsequent stress concentration phenomenon [26]. Furthermore, as usual in composites with lignocellulosic fillers/reinforcements [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], the plastic deformation capacity of WPCs decreases in a dramatic way. If we focus on the elongation at break (ε b ), the intrinsic very low ε b values for neat PHBH (around 8% after an aging time of 15 days), are reduced to half with 20 wt % ASF.…”

Section: Water Uptake Of Phbh-asf/ola Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Characterization of Sustainable Composites from Bacterial Polyester Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and Almond Shell Flour by Reactive Extrusion with Oligomers of Lactic Acid

Ivorra-Martinez,

Manuel-Mañogil,

Boronat

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Eco-efficient Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs) have been obtained using poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hexanoate) (PHBH) as the polymer matrix, and almond shell flour (ASF), a by-product from the agro-food industry, as filler/reinforcement. These WPCs were prepared with different amounts of lignocellulosic fillers (wt %), namely 10, 20 and 30. The mechanical characterization of these WPCs showed an important increase in their stiffness with increasing the wt % ASF content. In addition, lower tensile strength and impact strength were obtained. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study revealed the lack of continuity and poor adhesion among the PHBH-ASF interface. Even with the only addition of 10 wt % ASF, these green composites become highly brittle. Nevertheless, for real applications, the WPC with 30 wt % ASF is the most attracting material since it contributes to lowering the overall cost of the WPC and can be manufactured by injection moulding, but its properties are really compromised due to the lack of compatibility between the hydrophobic PHBH matrix and the hydrophilic lignocellulosic filler. To minimize this phenomenon, 10 and 20 phr (weight parts of OLA-Oligomeric Lactic Acid per one hundred weight parts of PHBH) were added to PHBH/ASF (30 wt % ASF) composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested poor plasticization effect of OLA on PHBH-ASF composites. Nevertheless, the most important property OLA can provide to PHBH/ASF composites is somewhat compatibilization since some mechanical ductile properties are improved with OLA addition. The study by thermomechanical analysis (TMA), confirmed the increase of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) with increasing OLA content. The dynamic mechanical characterization (DTMA), revealed higher storage modulus, E’, with increasing ASF. Moreover, DTMA results confirmed poor plasticization of OLA on PHBH-ASF (30 wt % ASF) composites, but interesting compatibilization effects.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Phbh-asf/ola Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Uptake Of Phbh-asf/ola Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Sustainable Composites from Bacterial Polyester Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and Almond Shell Flour by Reactive Extrusion with Oligomers of Lactic Acid

Ivorra-Martinez,

Manuel-Mañogil,

Boronat

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…Sheesham dust induced the highest resistance to biodegradation. Natural weathering and biodegradation were related, the composites with a less stable interface being both more biodegradable and more susceptible to weathering [150,151]. Prolonged exposure of PP composites with birch plywood sanding wood in an accelerated weathering chamber for 1032 h led to rougher surfaces with microcracks, faded appearance, change of gloss, whiteness, and decreased microhardness.…”

Section: Weathering and Accelerated Ageing Of Polymer Composites Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Degradation of Plastic Composites with Natural Fillers—A Review

Brebu¹

2020

Polymers

142

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Polymer composites are widely used modern-day materials, specially designed to combine good mechanical properties and low density, resulting in a high tensile strength-to-weight ratio. However, materials for outdoor use suffer from the negative effects of environmental factors, loosing properties in various degrees. In particular, natural fillers (particulates or fibers) or components induce biodegradability in the otherwise bio inert matrix of usual commodity plastics. Here we present some aspects found in recent literature related to the effect of aggressive factors such as temperature, mechanical forces, solar radiation, humidity, and biological attack on the properties of plastic composites containing natural fillers.

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“…[5,6] To overcome this problem, the scientific community has driven the development of new materials (mainly composites) produced from renewable resources such as natural fibers (flax, hemp, jute, agave, pine, coconut, henequen, maple, and so forth), which are commonly known as wood plastic composites (WPC) or more generally as natural fiber composites. [7][8][9][10] In WPC, a specific amount of biomass (fillers) is blended with a polymeric matrix, usually a thermoplastic. These organic reinforcements offer advantages over their conventional inorganic counterparts (glass, aramid, and carbon fibers), such as low cost, low density, less damage to the processing equipment, lower energy consumption, lower CO 2 emissions, and other environmental benefits like sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surface modification and fiber content on the mechanical performance of compression molded polyethylene‐maple composites

2021

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With the objective of producing more sustainable materials, wood-plastic composites were produced using linear low density polyethylene and a wide range of maple wood fiber content (up to 80% wt). This was possible by using a simple dry-blending of the component in a powder form and compression molding. In particular, the effect of different surface treatments (mercerization, maleated polyethylene [MAPE], and their combination) on the morphology and mechanical performance of these composites was studied. The results show that all the surface treatments investigated were able to improve the fiber-matrix adhesion, leading to better composite homogeneity, and higher mechanical properties. Furthermore, it was possible to increase the amount of wood that can be introduced in the composites compared to untreated fibers. In our case, up to 80% wt of maple fibers were easily processed generating significant improvements in moduli (367%) and strength (50%), especially when a combination of alkali-MAPE treatment was performed. This simple processing of the composites is interesting to produce different parts size and geometry with limited degradation since no melt compounding is performed. The work also represents a way to produce sustainable, economic, and lightweight composites with improved properties using a high content of renewable filler.

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Effect of wood dust type on mechanical properties, wear behavior, biodegradability, and resistance to natural weathering of wood-plastic composites

Cited by 28 publications

References 68 publications

Development and Characterization of Sustainable Composites from Bacterial Polyester Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and Almond Shell Flour by Reactive Extrusion with Oligomers of Lactic Acid

Development and Characterization of Sustainable Composites from Bacterial Polyester Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and Almond Shell Flour by Reactive Extrusion with Oligomers of Lactic Acid

Environmental Degradation of Plastic Composites with Natural Fillers—A Review

Effect of surface modification and fiber content on the mechanical performance of compression molded polyethylene‐maple composites

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