Effect of winter cover crop species and planting methods on maize yield and N availability under irrigated Mediterranean conditions

Salmerón, Montserrat; Climente, Ramón Isla; Cavero, J.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2011.05.006

Cited by 73 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained in other studies (Rannels and Wagger 1996, Hanly and Gregg 2004, Gabriel and Quemada 2011 but not in the studies where maize residues (maize was intensively fertilised with N) were chopped and left on the field (Salmerón et al 2011). The amount of N accumulated in nonleguminous cover crops namely depends on the available soil N min , while in the case of symbiotically active legumes, the majority of N accumulated in individual plants mainly occurs due to N fixation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Environmental advantages of binary mixtures of Trifolium incarnatum and Lolium multiflorum over individual pure stands

Kramberger¹,

Gselman²,

Podvršnik³

et al. 2013

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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To investigate the environmental advantages of using grass-clover binary mixtures over pure stands as winter cover crops, a serial of five field experiments (each designed as randomized complete blocks with four replicates) was carried out in eastern Slovenia. Trifolium incarnatum L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. were sown in late summer as pure stands and binary mixtures. Pooled data calculated from all the experiments revealed that the soil mineral N in spring and accumulation of N by plants decreased with decreasing proportion of T. incarnatum in the binary mixtures, while the C:N ratio of cover crop organic matter increased. C accumulation was the highest when the seeding ratio of the binary mixture of T. incarnatum and L. multiflorum was 50:50. In the C and N environmentally sustainable management efficiency coefficients, three important traits of winter cover crops for environmental protection were given equal importance (low soil mineral N content in spring, high C accumulation in plants, and high N accumulation in plants). The coefficient was higher for binary mixtures of T. incarnatum and L. multiflorum than for pure stands of these crops, proving the complex environmental advantages of binary mixtures over pure stands.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Kramberger et al 2009, Thorup-Kristensen and Dresbøll 2010, Campiglia et al 2011, Salmerón et al 2011. However, many researchers have studied mixtures of leguminous and non-leguminous winter cover crops in anticipation of the agricultural or ecological advantages of such binary mixtures (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental advantages of binary mixtures of Trifolium incarnatum and Lolium multiflorum over individual pure stands

Kramberger¹,

Gselman²,

Podvršnik³

et al. 2013

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…The SPAD meter was used according to methods recommended by Salmerón et al (2011), Víg et al (2012, and Yang et al (2012). At the V12 crop stage, the SPAD meter was used on five randomly selected plants per plot.…”

Section: Cornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Spent Microbial Biomass as an Alternative Crop Nitrogen Source

et al. 2017

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Core Ideas Nutrient‐rich spent microbial biomass has potential for reuse in agriculture. Tall fescue data from three harvests showed release of spent microbial biomass nutrients over time. Highest spent microbial biomass rate yielded greater tall fescue biomass than fertilizer in July. All five spent microbial biomass rates produced corn yields consistent with the fertilizer control. The renewable disposal of spent microbial biomass in agriculture may be expanded to other industries. Spent microbial biomass (SMB), a nutrient‐rich co‐product of industrial white biotechnology processes, is produced in substantial quantities alongside high‐value products and most often disposed of in landfills or incinerated. Alternatively, SMB could be reused as a land‐applied N source in agricultural crop production, reducing the environmental and economic footprint of synthetic fertilizers. This research compares SMB applied at different rates to current farmer practice (FP) fertilizer use in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and corn (Zea mays L.) production on a Dewey silty clay in Lenoir City, TN. The effect of SMB on tall fescue was measured over three harvests through plant biomass production, crop N status using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and forage quality by near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Corn productivity was measured by crop height, leaf chlorophyll content using a handheld meter, and grain yield. Tall fescue data showed the mineralization and release of SMB N over time compared with the rapidly available fertilizer N, and the highest SMB application rate in tall fescue was not statistically different from the FP in plant biomass, leaf NDVI, or any measured forage quality parameters. Despite differences in corn leaf chlorophyll contents between SMB and fertilizer treatments during the growing season, no differences in final grain yields were found. This research substantiates the potential of SMB as a soil N amendment from a nutrient source and yield perspective. Additional studies are needed to understand SMB mineralization rates and to confirm the material's nutrient contribution to crop production.

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“…However, research has found differing annual crop yield responses with RCC. Corn grain and silage yield decreases have been reported with use of RCC (Raimbault et al, 1990;Kessavalou and Walters, 1997;Thelen and Leep, 2002;Singer and Kohler, 2005;McDonald et al, 2008;Kramberger et al, 2009;Salmerón et al, 2011;Krueger et al, 2012;Reese et al, 2014). A 15% corn yield increase was observed in 2 out of 3 yr in a study conducted on sandy soils in Wisconsin with no N application to the RCC and with low RCC biomass production .…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Corn Nitrogen Fertilization Requirement and Corn-Soybean Productivity with a Rye Cover Crop

Pantoja

Woli

Sawyer

et al. 2015

Soil Science Society of America Journal

102

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winter rye (Secale cereale l.) cover crop (rcc) has potential to reduce no 3 -n loss from corn (Zea mays l.) and soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] fields. However, rcc effects on annual crop productivity and corn optimal n fertilization requirement are unclear. the objectives were to evaluate corn and soybean yield response to rcc and corn optimal n rate. treatments were no-rcc and rcc with six fertilizer n rates (0-225 kg n ha -1 ) applied to corn in a no-till corn-soybean (cs) rotation at four iowa sites in 2009 through 2011. the rcc biomass and n uptake was low, with a maximum of 1280 kg dry matter (dM) ha -1 and 26 kg n ha -1 , respectively. in the no-n control, the rcc reduced soil profile no 3 -n by 15 kg n ha -1 only at time of rcc control before corn planting. corn canopy sensing, plant height, and plant population indicated more n stress, reduced plant stand, and slower growth with rcc. the rcc reduced corn grain yield by 6% at the economic optimum n rate (eonr). the eonr was the same with no-rcc and rcc, but plant n uptake efficiency (Pue) was reduced at low n rates with rcc, but not above the eonr. soybean yield was not affected by rcc. results indicate n fertilization rate should be the same with or without rcc. improvement in rcc systems and management could make rcc a more viable practice within notill corn and soybean production.Abbreviations: CS, corn-soybean; DM, dry matter; EONR, economic optimum nitrogen rate; NDVI, normalized difference vegetative index; NUE, nitrogen use efficiency; PAN, plant available nitrogen; PUE, plant nitrogen uptake efficiency; RCC, rye cover crop; SOM, soil organic matter; YEONR, yield at economic optimum nitrogen rate. E nvironmental concerns related to crop N fertilization is an ongoing issue (USEPA, 2007), including reducing N in surface waters related to hypoxia in coastal surface waters Kladivko et al., 2014). Nitrogen application rate to corn is an important factor in regard to cropping system profitability and NO 3 loss. Applying only the optimal N rate will not stop NO 3 loss, nor necessarily achieve the drinking water standard (Lawlor et al., 2007). Successful development of agricultural systems that benefit water quality have to be more inclusive of several agricultural practices, rather than only N rate or timing (Hatfield et al., 2009). Therefore, additional in-field practices are needed to reduce NO 3 losses (Sainju and Singh, 2008).Nitrate losses in tile drainage water from corn production systems can range from 7 to 68 kg N ha -1 yr -1 (Lawlor et al., 2007), and with most values ranging from 29 to 56 kg N ha -1 yr -1 (Sawyer and Randall, 2008). Cover crops have shown potential for uptake of residual N from fertilizers or inorganic N released from degrading soil organic matter (SOM) in the period between annual crops (Strock et al., 2004;Tonitto et al.,

show abstract

Effect of winter cover crop species and planting methods on maize yield and N availability under irrigated Mediterranean conditions

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Environmental advantages of binary mixtures of Trifolium incarnatum and Lolium multiflorum over individual pure stands

Environmental advantages of binary mixtures of Trifolium incarnatum and Lolium multiflorum over individual pure stands

Utilization of Spent Microbial Biomass as an Alternative Crop Nitrogen Source

Corn Nitrogen Fertilization Requirement and Corn-Soybean Productivity with a Rye Cover Crop

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