Effect of wind speed and direction on facade fire spread in an isolated rectangular building

Abu-Zidan, Yousef; Dananjaya, R. M. S.; Mendis, Priyan; Nguyen, Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2022.103570

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The second scenario accounts for the large quantity of goods stored in shops due to business requirements, resulting in an overall fire load of 10 MW [28]. The critical 10 MW fire load and 6 MW island-style shop fire without a sprinkler system were simulated, and the core parameters in the model were set, including the ambient temperature, which was set to 25 °C; the mesh size was set to 0.25 m × 0.25 m × 0.25 m [29] and the total number of meshes was 3,010,560; the fire growth rate  was set to 0.044 kW/s during the 2 Q T   period [30]. The simulation duration was 900 s, and the smoke yield in the model was set to 0.015.…”

Section: Simulation-based Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Passenger Evacuation and Heat Fluxes in the Waiting Hall of an Ultralarge Railway Station Hub

Chen,

Feng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Fire

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The resurgence of passenger flows after the pandemic poses a significant challenge to the safe operation of rail transit. Therefore, adopting the waiting hall of an ultralarge railway station hub as an example, thermal radiation and evacuation simulations were conducted by the Fire Dynamics Simulator and Pathfinder, respectively. Island-style shops, known for their high crowd density and fire load, were defined as fire sources, and the effectiveness of a 6 m wide fire isolation zone was validated via the adoption of the dual-validation model. By comparing the relationships between the total evacuation population after passenger flow recovery and various evacuation parameters, it was shown that passengers were not evenly distributed among the exits in the waiting hall during an emergency, leading to uneven utilization. Furthermore, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the evacuation process under simulated fire conditions, an evacuation simulation involving 10,000 evacuees over a duration of 324.8 s was conducted. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing fire emergency evacuation plans for ultralarge railway station hubs.

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Section: Simulation-based Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Passenger Evacuation and Heat Fluxes in the Waiting Hall of an Ultralarge Railway Station Hub

Chen,

Feng,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Fire

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“…In this case, the key grid size is 25 cm since it is well-established in the literature for WUI scenarios [49]. Lateral boundaries (X = 0 m, X = 65 m, Y = 0 m, Y = 95 m) and the top boundary (Z = 33 m) were modelled as open.…”

Section: Development Of the Full-physics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wind field was specified via the Monin-Obukhov [50] similarity parameters as described by Vanella et al [36], considering a wind speed of 1.7 m/s blowing from south to north. In this case, the key grid size is 25 cm since it is well-established in the literature for WUI scenarios [49]. Lateral boundaries (X = 0 m, X = 65 m, Y = 0 m, Y = 95 m) and the top boundary (Z = 33 m) were modelled as open.…”

Section: Development Of the Full-physics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is worth mentioning that the pyrolysis of the sandwich model was not modelled in this investigation, as the main objective was to characterize and quantify the thermal attack by the wildfire. In this case, the key grid size is 25 cm since it is well-established in the literature for WUI scenarios [49]. Lateral boundaries (X = 0 m, X = 65 m, Y = 0 m, Y = 95 m) and the top boundary (Z = 33 m) were modelled as open.…”

Section: Development Of the Full-physics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of a Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Scenario

Craveiro,

Fiorini,

Laím

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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This paper presents the results obtained from a field fire test, aiming to reproduce a wildland–urban interface scenario to collect relevant information concerning the impact of wildfires on the built environment. The objective was to understand heat transfer mechanisms from forest fires to structures. During the fire test, the temperatures at the exposed face of one building component were monitored, as well as those in the vicinity of that component, using thermal imaging. The detailed characterization of the field test and building component and obtained experimental results of the fire test were then used to develop and validate a complex computational fluid dynamics model (full physics models) using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Several numerical models were previously developed to reproduce the behaviour of individual shrubs and trees in fires considering available results in the literature. The developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models can accurately reproduce the field test, including the fire spread and the temperature evolution on the surface of the exposed construction component. The obtained maximum temperature in the construction element was 1038 °C, whereas the maximum average temperature was approximately 638 °C. According to the results from the numerical model, the construction element was exposed to a very high heat flux (above 40 kW/m2), indicating direct contact of the flames with the construction element. The use of CFD enables the quantification of the characteristics of the fire and the exposure of structures to fire in the wildland–urban interface (WUI), allowing for the definition of a performance-based design approach for buildings in the WUI. This contributes to developing safe and resilient structures, as well as mitigating and reducing the impacts of wildfires in the built environment.

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“…The use of CFD for building studies has traditionally been restricted due to the high computational cost of simulating turbulent flow in urban environments, but with considerable advancement in computing resources and simulation tools over the past decade, CFD is nowadays becoming increasingly popular for analysing wind effects on buildings. CFD models are highly versatile and can be used for a wide range of wind engineering studies including wind load predictions on the structure and cladding, environmental studies such as pedestrian wind comfort, simulation of wind-driven rain exposure (Abu-Zidan et al, 2021b), and wind effects on façade fire spread (Abu-Zidan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Influence Of Surrounding Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Design of Tall Buildings: The State of the Art

Abu-Zidan

Mendis

Gunawardena

et al. 2022

EJSE

Self Cite

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The construction of tall and slender buildings has seen recent growth in many cities around the world. Tall buildings are susceptible to dynamic excitation under wind effects which typically govern the structural design for strength, stability, and serviceability. This paper presents the state of the art in the analysis and design of tall buildings against wind effects. Structural design criteria are discussed in detail, with serviceability criteria relating to occupant comfort noted as being of particular importance. The latest in wind analysis tools and techniques is also presented. Wind tunnel testing remains the gold standard for determining wind loads on tall buildings, while the emerging use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is noted as being particularly useful for concept design stages. The paper aims to provide a valuable reference for engineers, architects, and designers involved in wind analysis and design of tall buildings.

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Effect of wind speed and direction on facade fire spread in an isolated rectangular building

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Numerical Simulation of Passenger Evacuation and Heat Fluxes in the Waiting Hall of an Ultralarge Railway Station Hub

Numerical Simulation of Passenger Evacuation and Heat Fluxes in the Waiting Hall of an Ultralarge Railway Station Hub

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of a Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Scenario

Wind Design of Tall Buildings: The State of the Art

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