Effect of whole milk compared with skimmed milk on fasting blood lipids in healthy adults: a 3-week randomized crossover study

Engel, Sara; Elhauge, Mie; Tholstrup, Tine

doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0042-5

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Likewise, previous MR analyses demonstrated genetically high milk intake also did not influence plasma concentrations of glucose (12,13 ). Our findings were also supported by a 3-week randomized crossover study indicating that both whole milk and skim milk did not affect fasting glucose or insulin in healthy adults (32 ). Our MR results may potentially explain the nonsignificant causal effect of high milk intake on risk of type 2 diabetes (11 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Dairy Intake and Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Traits among Adults: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 182041 Individuals from 18 Studies

Huang¹,

Kähönen

Mikkilä³

et al. 2019

Clinical Chemistry

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BACKGROUND Associations between dairy intake and body composition and cardiometabolic traits have been inconsistently observed in epidemiological studies, and the causal relationship remains ill-defined. METHODS We performed Mendelian randomization analysis using an established genetic variant located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT-13910 C/T, rs4988235) associated with dairy intake as an instrumental variable (IV). The causal effects of dairy intake on body composition and cardiometabolic traits (lipids, glycemic traits, and inflammatory factors) were quantified by IV estimators among 182041 participants from 18 studies. RESULTS Each 1 serving/day higher dairy intake was associated with higher lean mass [β (SE) = 0.117 kg (0.035); P = 0.001], higher hemoglobin A1c [0.009% (0.002); P < 0.001], lower LDL [−0.014 mmol/L (0.006); P = 0.013], total cholesterol (TC) [−0.012 mmol/L (0.005); P = 0.023], and non-HDL [−0.012 mmol/L (0.005); P = 0.028]. The LCT-13910 C/T CT + TT genotype was associated with 0.214 more dairy servings/day (SE = 0.047; P < 0.001), 0.284 cm higher waist circumference (SE = 0.118; P = 0.017), 0.112 kg higher lean mass (SE = 0.027; P = 3.8 × 10−5), 0.032 mmol/L lower LDL (SE = 0.009; P = 0.001), and 0.032 mmol/L lower TC (SE = 0.010; P = 0.001). Genetically higher dairy intake was associated with increased lean mass [0.523 kg per serving/day (0.170); P = 0.002] after correction for multiple testing (0.05/18). However, we find that genetically higher dairy intake was not associated with lipids and glycemic traits. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence to support a potential causal effect of higher dairy intake on increased lean mass among adults. Our findings suggest that the observational associations of dairy intake with lipids and glycemic traits may be the result of confounding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Dairy Intake and Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Traits among Adults: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 182041 Individuals from 18 Studies

Huang¹,

Kähönen

Mikkilä³

et al. 2019

Clinical Chemistry

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“…Our results showed that consuming whole dairy products does not increase the cholesterol/HDL ratio during six months of following this dietary advice, is in line with other reports [44,45]. Consumption of dairy products has been associated with a lower risk of mortality and major cardiovascular disease events in a diverse multinational cohort, without added risk by intake of whole fat dairy products [46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of Dietary Advice Including Green Vegetables, Beef, and Whole Dairy Products on Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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Background: Since no treatment exists for children suffering from upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) without immunological disorders, we searched for a possible tool to improve the health of these children. Aim: We evaluated whether dietary advice (based on food matrix and food synergy), including standard supportive care, can decrease the number and duration of URTIs in children with recurrent URTIs. Design and Setting: This study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial in two pediatric outpatient clinics in the Netherlands, with 118 children aged one to four years with recurrent URTIs. The dietary advice group received dietary advice plus standard supportive care, while the control group received standard supportive care alone for six months. The dietary advice consisted of green vegetables five times per week, beef three times per week, 300 mL whole milk per day, and whole dairy butter on bread every day. Portion sizes were age-appropriate. Results and Conclusion: Children in the dietary advice group had 4.8 (1.6–9.5) days per month with symptoms of an URTI in the last three months of the study, compared to 7.7 (4.0–12.3) in the control group (p = 0.028). The total number of URTIs during the six-month study period was 5.7 (±0.55) versus 6.8 (±0.49), respectively (p = 0.068). The use of antibiotics was significantly reduced in the dietary advice group, as well as visits to a general practitioner, thereby possibly reducing healthcare costs. The results show a reduced number of days with symptoms of a URTI following dietary advice. The number of infections was not significantly reduced.

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“…However, a comprehensive review of Drouin-Chartier et al (59) assessed evidence from RCTs and reported no harmful effect of dairy consumption, irrespective of fat content, on different aspects of cardiometabolic risk. More recently, Engel et al (60) conducted a 3-wk crossover dietary intervention in 18 healthy adults to compare the effect of whole milk with skimmed milk consumption. The results showed that ingestion of 0.5 L/d whole milk did not adversely affect fasting glucose or insulin compared with skimmed milk.…”

Section: Evidence From Rcts On Dairy Products and T2d Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Dairy Products in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: Where Does the Evidence Stand in 2019?

Guo

Givens

Astrup

et al. 2019

Advances in Nutrition

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased rapidly. Adopting a heathy diet is suggested as one of the effective behaviors to prevent or delay onset of T2D. Dairy consumption has been recommended as part of a healthy diet, but there remains uncertainty in both the scientific community and the public about the effect of different dairy products on T2D risk. In a recent workshop, the evidence on dairy products and T2D risk was presented and discussed by a group of experts. The main conclusions from the workshop are presented in this position paper and are as follows. 1) Available evidence from large prospective cohort studies and limited randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that total dairy consumption has a neutral or moderately beneficial effect on T2D risk. 2) Increasing evidence from prospective cohort studies indicates that yogurt is most strongly associated with a lower T2D risk, but evidence from RCTs is scarce. 3) Fatty acids from dairy (medium-chain, odd, and very long-chain SFAs as well as trans-palmitoleic acid) are associated with lower T2D risk and improved metabolic health, but more research is needed on studies that explore cause and effect relations to exclude the possibility that the dairy fatty acids simply serve as markers of overall dairy consumption. 4) The food matrix can be a stronger determinant of health effects than SFA content. This review further identifies research gaps in the existing knowledge and highlights key research questions that need to be addressed to better understand the impact of dairy consumption on future T2D risk.

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Effect of whole milk compared with skimmed milk on fasting blood lipids in healthy adults: a 3-week randomized crossover study

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Dairy Intake and Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Traits among Adults: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 182041 Individuals from 18 Studies

Dairy Intake and Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Traits among Adults: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 182041 Individuals from 18 Studies

Influence of Dietary Advice Including Green Vegetables, Beef, and Whole Dairy Products on Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Impact of Dairy Products in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: Where Does the Evidence Stand in 2019?

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