Effect of whole acorns (Quercus pubescens) shred based diet on parotid gland in growing pigs in relation to tannins

Cappai, Maria Grazia; Wolf, Petra; Liesner, V. Grosse; Kästner, Arndt; Nieddu, G.; Pinna, Walter; Kamphues, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.136

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…As reported in literature, common characteristics of proteins and polypeptides with high affinity for tannins are their open loose structure, a high proline content and small size [46,52,53]. The capability of some animal species to counteract high dietary tannins was seen to be linked to salivary proline rich proteins (PRPs) ancestral function in the maintenance of oral health at a basal level of mucoproteins secretion, increased by high tannins presence in the diet [54], as observed in pigs [55], in which an increase up to a 16.8% of proline/crude protein ratio of parotid glands chemical composition was seen (Figure 1) after the inclusion of a 70% of acorns in the diet, providing high amounts of hydrolizable tannins (36.1 g TAE·kg -1 DM, expressed as tannic acid equivalents). Clauss, et al (2005) [56] refer that from carnivores through omnivores to exclusive plant-eaters, the dietary nitrogen level is progressively reduced while the presence of dietary tannins increases.…”

Section: Salivary Tannins Binding Proteins: the Role Of Proline Rich mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…After removing the separable fat, lymphnodes and associated vessels, each PG was immediately weighed on a digital scale to report fresh weight (g). Morphometric characteristics and macroscopic evaluation at visual inspection followed specific standard criteria developed in own previous trials [55]. Relative fresh weight of each parotid gland was calculated according to the body weight (BW) of the respective animal and expressed as percentage.…”

Section: Parotid Glands Inspection and Microscopic Checkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slides were checked up by confocal microscope. Morphology and cytoplasm appearance of secretory cells followed criteria adopted in own previous trials [55]. Hyperplasia vs hypertrophy was evaluated.…”

Section: Parotid Glands Inspection and Microscopic Checkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose-Response Relationship between Dietary Polyphenols from Acorns and Parotid Gland Hypertrophy in Pigs

Cappai¹,

Wolf²,

Pinna³

et al. 2012

FNS

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Proline contents of parotid glands (PG) in pigs constantly increase after the inclusion of different amounts of ripe hulled acorns in the diet providing high polyphenols levels. The dose-response relationship was estimated on natural hydrolizable tannins (expressed as tannic acid equivalent TAE) amounts of 25.8 to 36.1 g TAE/kg DM in experimental diets. Macroscopic and histological morphometry of parotid glands greatly varied according to feed intake and dosages of TAE ingested. The PG response (hypertrophy grade) on acorns' tannins content in the diet was positively correlated (R 2 = 0.748): the response to the protein precipitating activity (PPA) of tannins consisted of a functional parotidomegaly (hypertrophy), 1.34 up to 3.55 folds than control PGs, following an oral dosage 0.596 up 1.72 TAE g·kg -1 body weight·d -1 respectively, after one week exposure.

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Section: Salivary Tannins Binding Proteins: the Role Of Proline Rich mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Parotid Glands Inspection and Microscopic Checkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose-Response Relationship between Dietary Polyphenols from Acorns and Parotid Gland Hypertrophy in Pigs

Cappai¹,

Wolf²,

Pinna³

et al. 2012

FNS

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“…The shredded acorn proportion consists of about the 50% of the mixed meal, together with cereals and legume seeds. When pigs are put into land use, acorns represent the main energy source among homegrown feedstuffs, during fall and winter [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. According to the chemical composition of acorns, starch results in between of the 51% to 57% of dry matter and crude fat content ranges between the 4% to 6% (DM basis).…”

Section: Acorns As Dietary Source Of Natural Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The practice of feeding hulled acorns ensures stability in quality and preserved hygienic conditions of the seed and prolonged storage time, on one side, and an economic advantage on the other, as de-hulling would be expensive for the breeder. Nevertheless, ripe acorns display also to possess high amounts of anti-nutritional compounds (tannins as plant secondary metabolites, within polyphenols), which pigs showed to tolerate successfully [9,14], in con-trast to other animal species [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Acorns As Dietary Source Of Natural Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired Pigmentation of Porcine Lymph Nodes: Dietary Polyphenolic Compounds as Biological Markers?

Pinna¹,

Cappai²,

Sogos³

et al. 2012

FNS

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The investigation aimed at exploring whether 1) high contents of natural polyphenols from the diet can induce pigment accumulation in lymph nodes (LNs); 2) if so, whether polyphenolic compounds and derivates can be used as biological markers; 3) and whether a lymph node from a specific anatomical region can be univocally identified, so as to be considered as a sentinel for the identification of the dietary origin of pigments. A paired match approach was used to switch 20 pigs (range of initial body weight, BW: 113 -121 kg) to two experimental diets, for four weeks: ten pigs (pair housed) were fed with an experimental acorn based diet (acorns: 50% in the diet, as fed; total polyphenols, 78.1 g TP/Kg DM in the diet; tannic acid equivalent, 25.8 g TAE/kg DM); the remainder ten, received a pelleted complete diet for finishers (0% acorns in the diet). Daily feed intake in the last two weeks of the experimental feeding was recorded per pair of pigs in both groups of animals, showing an average intake of 610 mg TAE/kg BW/d. At an average final BW of between 127 to 137 kg, all pigs were slaughtered and LNs from different anatomical regions of the carcass were removed and analysed. At gross inspection, LNs from both groups displayed different grades of intensity and diffusion of pigmentation: a partial and incidental pigmentation was randomly detected in renal or sub-iliac LNs in the control group; a constant and uniform pigmentation of LNs was observed in acorns fed pigs: a dark brown staining diffused to the whole LN associated with a brownish colour of the muscles was found systematically. At light microscope intracytoplasmic granules were found in macrophages and dendritic cells from both groups, but, at confocal laser analysis, an intense auto-fluorescence was observed in medial-iliac LNs from the carcasses of acorn-fed pigs (green emission). However, intracellular sources of blue and green fluorescence at different wavelengths, likely due to tryptophan, indoleamine and derivates were also found in medial-iliac and inguinal LNs from the control group. A dietary origin was attributed to the different discoloration of LNs between the carcasses of the two groups: such acquired pigmentation is relevant in the left sub-iliac LN, but the confocal laser microscopic test to elicit auto-fluorescence of polyphenolic compounds (biological markers) displayed a 76.9% specificity, despite a 100% of sensitivity for the univocal identification of the carcass from acorn-fed pigs. Cranial sternal LNs resulted to suit the sentinel role in the distinction of carcass from acorns fed pigs at confocal laser microscopic analysis.

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Digestibility coefficients of crude nutrients in raw hulled acorns (Quercus pubescens Willd.) fed to growing pigs

Cappai

Wolf

Pinna

et al. 2014

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Effect of whole acorns (Quercus pubescens) shred based diet on parotid gland in growing pigs in relation to tannins

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Dose-Response Relationship between Dietary Polyphenols from Acorns and Parotid Gland Hypertrophy in Pigs

Dose-Response Relationship between Dietary Polyphenols from Acorns and Parotid Gland Hypertrophy in Pigs

Acquired Pigmentation of Porcine Lymph Nodes: Dietary Polyphenolic Compounds as Biological Markers?

Digestibility coefficients of crude nutrients in raw hulled acorns (Quercus pubescens Willd.) fed to growing pigs

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