Effect of wheat bran and flaxseed on cadmium effects and retention in rats

Abstract

<jats:p> Dietary fiber can affect cadmium (Cd) absorption and toxicity, but the effect appears to depend on the type of dietary fiber. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of dietary sources containing distinct amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber on Cd absorption, accumulation and toxicity in growing rats. The absorption of essential macrominerals (Ca, P and Mg) was also evaluated. Animals received a nutritionally balanced diet with cellulose (cel — control), wheat bran or flaxseed as the fiber source with 0 or 50 mg Cd kg<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> diet, during 30 days. Cd exposure reduced body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, epididymal fat relative weight and liver relative weight, and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase activity in all fiber groups. The apparent Cd absorption was similar among Cd-groups, but the flax-Cd group had a higher hepatic and renal Cd concentration. Cd decreased the absorption of Ca and P, and increased Mg absorption in the wheat bran and flaxseed groups, but not in the cel group. Although the different fiber sources investigated had no effect on Cd toxicity, the major soluble fiber source, flaxseed, increased Cd retention. Thus, caution should be taken in the intake of flaxseed by Cd-exposed populations. </jats:p>

Phytate, iron, zinc, and calcium content of common Bolivian foods and their estimated mineral bioavailability

“…Oats had the highest phytate content (2,204-2,993 mg/100 g DM) of all food samples analyzed, and from two to four times higher compared with previously reported values for oats produced in Sweden, 726-1,138 mg/100 g DM (Larsson & Sandberg, 1992;Sandberg & Svanberg, 1991). The barley flour had similar values to those reported from Sweden and Spain, 258-397 mg/100 g DM (Fredlund, Asp, Larsson, Marklinder, & Sandberg, 1997;Frontela, García-Alonso, Ros, & Martínez, 2008 Flaxseeds are a valuable source of omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and some essential minerals (Callegaro et al, 2011). In flaxseeds, the content of iron (6.46-10.0 mg/100 g DM) and zinc (5.37-7.53 mg/100 g DM) was higher than the values reported for six varieties of flaxseeds Sweet potato is rich in starch and other nutrients (Desse, 2016), and the frequency of consumption of these tubers is between once and twice per month in Chapare (Lazarte, Carlsson, et al, 2015).…”

“…In flaxseeds, the content of iron (6.46–10.0 mg/100 g DM) and zinc (5.37–7.53 mg/100 g DM) was higher than the values reported for six varieties of flaxseeds from Pakistan (Fe 4.45–7.12 mg/100 g DM, Zn 1.17–1.65 mg/100 g DM) (Khan, Sharif, Sarwar, Sameea, & Ameen, ). Calcium content (154–211 mg/100 g DM) was lower than the values reported from Brazil and Pakistan (310–460 mg/100 g DM) (Callegaro et al, ; Khan et al, ). Phytate content (997 mg/100 g DM) was lower than the reported values from Canada (1,597 mg/100 g DM) (Ratnayake et al, ).…”

“…Flaxseeds are a valuable source of omega‐3 fatty acids, fiber, and some essential minerals (Callegaro et al, ). In flaxseeds, the content of iron (6.46–10.0 mg/100 g DM) and zinc (5.37–7.53 mg/100 g DM) was higher than the values reported for six varieties of flaxseeds from Pakistan (Fe 4.45–7.12 mg/100 g DM, Zn 1.17–1.65 mg/100 g DM) (Khan, Sharif, Sarwar, Sameea, & Ameen, ).…”

Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification—A Review

“…Caution is merited regarding soluble fibre; in contrast to protection offered by insoluble fibre, flax seed resulted in increased intestinal absorption of cadmium [38]. …”

Protective effects of dietary fibre against manganese-induced neurobehavioral aberrations in rats

“…In the most recent paper, Callegaro et al (21) reported that cereal bran supplements (a type of food from Brazil with DF as its main component) reduced the effects of Cd at lower concentrations in young rats, but was ineffi cient against higher Cd concentrations.…”