Effect of weld peak temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and transformation kinetics of simulated heat affected zone of hot rolled ultra-low carbon high strength Ti–Mo ferritic steel
“…A Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator was employed to simulate the welding thermal cycles with a fixed heat input of 45 kJ/cm at several peak temperatures (1000 • C, 1100 • C, 1200 • C, and 1320 • C). This heat input was used to characterize the submerged arc welding [2], and the different peak temperatures were selected to simulate different distinct regions of the HAZ [8]. Although the thermal simulation is hard to simulate due to the temperature gradient in a HAZ, it is still an optimal method to study some local regions of the HAZ.…”
The embrittlement of heat affected zones (HAZs) resulting from the welding of a P-doped 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was studied by the analysis of the fracture appearance transition temperatures (FATTs) of the HAZs simulated under a heat input of 45 kJ/cm with different peak temperatures. The FATTs of the HAZs both with and without tempering increased with the rise of the peak temperature. However, the FATTs were apparently lower for the tempered HAZs. For the as-welded (untempered) HAZs, the FATTs were mainly affected by residual stress, martensite/austenite (M/A) islands, and bainite morphology. The observed embrittlement is a hardening embrittlement. On the other hand, the FATTs of the tempered HAZs were mainly affected by phosphorus grain boundary segregation, thereby causing a non-hardening embrittlement. The results demonstrate that the hardening embrittlement of the as-welded HAZs was more severe than the non-hardening embrittlement of the tempered HAZs. Consequently, a post-weld heat treatment should be carried out if possible so as to eliminate the hardening embrittlement.
“…A Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator was employed to simulate the welding thermal cycles with a fixed heat input of 45 kJ/cm at several peak temperatures (1000 • C, 1100 • C, 1200 • C, and 1320 • C). This heat input was used to characterize the submerged arc welding [2], and the different peak temperatures were selected to simulate different distinct regions of the HAZ [8]. Although the thermal simulation is hard to simulate due to the temperature gradient in a HAZ, it is still an optimal method to study some local regions of the HAZ.…”
The embrittlement of heat affected zones (HAZs) resulting from the welding of a P-doped 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was studied by the analysis of the fracture appearance transition temperatures (FATTs) of the HAZs simulated under a heat input of 45 kJ/cm with different peak temperatures. The FATTs of the HAZs both with and without tempering increased with the rise of the peak temperature. However, the FATTs were apparently lower for the tempered HAZs. For the as-welded (untempered) HAZs, the FATTs were mainly affected by residual stress, martensite/austenite (M/A) islands, and bainite morphology. The observed embrittlement is a hardening embrittlement. On the other hand, the FATTs of the tempered HAZs were mainly affected by phosphorus grain boundary segregation, thereby causing a non-hardening embrittlement. The results demonstrate that the hardening embrittlement of the as-welded HAZs was more severe than the non-hardening embrittlement of the tempered HAZs. Consequently, a post-weld heat treatment should be carried out if possible so as to eliminate the hardening embrittlement.
“…When the size of the M-A constituent exceeds the critical value (2.0 µm), ICHAZ embrittles. The effect of peak temperature on the microstructure and properties of heat affected zone was also studied [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Especially the influence of peak temperature on CGHAZ.…”
The effect of peak temperature (TP) on the microstructure and impact toughness of the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) of Q690 high-strength bridge steel was studied using a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine. The results show that the microstructure of the inter critical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ) was ferrite and bainite. The microstructure of fine grain heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) was lath bainite (LB) LB, lath martensite (LM), and granular bainite (GB), but the microstructure of FGHAZ was finer. With the increase in peak temperature, the content of LB and GB decreased, the content of LM increased, and the lath bundles of LM and LB gradually became coarser. With the increase in peak temperature, the grain size of the original austenite increased significantly, and the impact toughness decreased significantly. When the peak temperature was 800 °C, the toughness was the best. For CGHAZ, the peak temperature should be less than 1200 °C to avoid excessive growth of grain and reduction of mechanical property.
“…The typical structure of the FCB weld joint is consisted of WM, HAZ and base metal (BM). The HAZ with different distances from the fusion line would be transformed into various microstructures at different peak temperatures (PT) and cooling rates [6,7]. In this paper, the HAZ of FCB welded EH36 steel is categorized into four distinct regions according to different PT: (1) the coarse-grained HAZ (CGHAZ), (2) the transition zone, (3) the fine-grained HAZ (FGHAZ), and (4) the inter critical HAZ (ICHAZ), seen Fig.…”
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