Effect of weight cycling on susceptibility to dietary obesity

Bs, Graham; Chang, Sam K. C.; Lin, Ding; Yakubu, F.; Hill, James O.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.6.r1096

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…It has been suggested that repeated weight cycling (or fasting/ RF cycling) may reduce metabolic rate and, consequently, have a reduced need for energy intake. [33][34][35] These reports support the idea that diminished hyperphagia in NH pups with repeated fasting/RF cycles may be due to a reduced metabolic rate and experience of neonatal MS may affect the metabolic adaptation to repeated weight cycling. Further studies are required to determine whether NH pups show lower metabolic rate than MS pups per se after repeated weight cycles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In this study, both the NH and MS groups showed a marked weight loss by repeated fasting/RF cycles, in accordance with previous reports that 24 h of fasting and 24 h of RF cycles led to a significant suppression in weight gain. 33,34,48,49 However, total weight loss after the six sets of fasting/RF cycle was significantly reduced in the MS group compared to the NH group, likely due to the fact that MS pups gained more weight than NH pups on each RF day. Interestingly, MS pups appeared to lose more weight than NH pups during food deprivation, although it was less significant compared with increased weight gain on each RF day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Sustained hyperphagia in adolescent rats that experienced neonatal maternal separation

et al. 2008

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Objective: To examine the neurobiological basis of bingeing-related eating disorders using an animal model system. Design: Sprague-Dawley pups were separated from dam for 3 h daily during the first two weeks of birth (maternal separation (MS)), or left undisturbed (non-handled (NH)). Pups were subjected to repeated fasting/refeeding (RF) cycles; that is, 24 h food deprivation and 24 h RF (NH/RF or MS/RF), or had free access to food and water (NH/fed control (FC) or MS/FC) from postnatal day (PND) 28-40. Measurements: Body weight gain and food intake were recorded. The arcuate expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and plasma corticosterone levels were analyzed on PND 29 and 40. Results: Decrease in weight gain by repeated fasting/RF cycles was smaller in MS pups than in NH. Interestingly, weight changes responding to fasting or RF increased in MS/RF compared with NH/RF. Compensatory hyperphagia was diminished in NH/RF after the third fasting trial, but persisted in MS/RF throughout the experimental period. The arcuate expression of NPY mRNA responding to food deprivation was blunted, but elevation of plasma corticosterone exaggerated, in the MS group, compared to the NH group, on PND 29 after the first fasting session. However, both the arcuate NPY mRNA and plasma corticosterone levels were increased in MS/RF, but not in NH/RF, on PND 40 after the six sets of fasting/RF cycles, compared to the free FC groups. Conclusion: Experience of neonatal MS may lead to an exaggerated feeding response to repeated fasting/RF challenges at adolescence, perhaps, due to increased responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland axis. Additionally, the results suggested that an increased action of the hypothalamic NPY may not be necessary to induce compensatory hyperphagia following food deprivation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sustained hyperphagia in adolescent rats that experienced neonatal maternal separation

et al. 2008

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“…The serum insulin level, Weight cycling, defined as repeated periods of weight loss followed by weight regain, has been reported to have significant effects on energy balance in humans (1,2) and experimental animals (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In particular, weight cycling in rats has been reported to make subsequent weight loss more difficult, make subsequent weight regain easier, alter body composition, decrease total daily energy expenditure (9) and increase food efficiency (3,4,7,9,10). Similar results have been reported for athletes undergoing weight cycling (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Food Restriction and Refeeding on Energy Efficiency and Body Fat Deposition in Sedentary and Exercised Rats.

Lim

Murakami

Lee

et al. 1996

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe effects of body weight cycling on energy metabolism and body fat accumulation were examined in sedentary and exercised rats. Ten rats were sacrificed before the experiment to obtain basal data, and then 90 rats were divided into three groups; control (CN), food restricted (FR) and weight cycling (WC). Food intake in rats of the FR group was restricted constantly to 70% of the intake of the CN group. The rats of WC group were subjected to four bouts of weight cycling consisting of 7 -days food restriction followed by 7-days refeeding, but were fed the same total amount of dietary energy as that of the FR group throughout the experimental period. The rats of all groups were meal-fed twice a day.Half of the rats in each group were exercised by running on a treadmill (30min/day) throughout the experimental period. The body weight, abdominal adipose tissue weight, body fat, body protein and energy restoration for the study in both sedentary and exercised groups were greater in the WC group than in the FR group. The resting metabolic rate of the WC group after four bouts of weight cycling was lower than that of the FR group in the sedentary rats, but this difference was not observed in the exercised rats. Also, the thermic effect of food (TEF) in the sedentary rats for 6h after a meal was significantly less in the WC group as compared to that of the FR group. However, the TEF for the exercised rats was not different between the two groups. The serum insulin level,

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“…Therefore, it may be speculated that energy expenditure decreased from the ®rst to the last weight cycle. However, there have been other weight cycling studies that have shown that rate of weight loss is not in¯uenced 5,8,11,14,15,17 or is actually increased 6 from the ®rst to last cycle.…”

Section: Rate Of Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term weight cycling in aging female rats increases rate of weight gain but not body fat content

2000

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of short-term repeated weight cycling (WC) above and below the baseline (BL) body weight (BW) on body weight regulation, feeding ef®ciency, and fat content in old female Wistar rats when dietary fat content was kept constant. DESIGN: Completely randomized. ANIMALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats, 11 months old at the beginning of the study, were randomly divided into six groups (12 per group) after a group of rats (BL) was sacri®ced for baseline data collection: the high fat gain (HFG) group gained weight to 20% above the BL weight with a high fat diet (HF) and returned to BL level by food restriction (50% of ad-libitum amount) for ®ve cycles; the high fat loss (HFL) group lost weight to 20% below the BL weight by food restriction (50% of ad-libitum amount) and regained to BL level by ad-libitum feeding for four cycles; the high fat ad-libitum (HFA) and low fat ad-libitum (LFA) groups were fed HF and low fat (LF) diet, respectively, adlibitum for the entire study; the high fat restricted (HFR group) and low fat restricted rats (LFR group) were fed the HF and LF diet, respectively, in restricted amounts to maintain BW at BL level. RESULTS: A trend of increased rates of weight gain and feeding ef®ciencies from the ®rst to last cycles for both WC groups was observed, and signi®cant increases was observed between cycles 4 and 5. The rate of weight gain and feeding ef®ciency of HFL was signi®cantly higher than that of the HFG group for all cycles (P`0.05). The rates of weight loss were signi®cantly decreasing with each successive cycle for HFG, but were unchanged for HFL. Percentage of body fat was not modi®ed permanently from BL to sacri®ce for both HFG and HFL groups. The body fat of HFA was higher than that of the other groups (P`0.01), while the body fat of LFA was signi®cantly higher than that of the LFR, BL and HFL groups (P`0.01), but was similar to that of the HFG and HFR groups. The body fat of WC groups and HFR were similar to each other. The percentage of internal fat (retroperitoneal omental) were similar for the WC groups. The percentage of internal fat of the HFG, HFR and LFA groups were similar, but were signi®cantly higher than that of the BL and LFR groups (P`0.05). The percentage of internal fat of HFA was signi®cantly higher than that of the rest of the groups (P`0.01). CONCLUSION: Short-term WC did not affect body fat content in these animals, but since weight gain became easier and weight loss became more dif®cult for animals in the HFG group, repeated WC may promote obesity in these rats. International Journal of Obesity (2000) 24, 236±245 Keywords: weight cycling; rates of weight gain and loss; feeding ef®ciency; body fat content Literature reviewObesity is a major health risk in the US, and it has been reported that approximately 33% of adults 20 y of age or older are overweight. 1 Many obese people who are dieting (women 50% and men 33%, 2 are able to lose weight initially, but because daily energy expenditure decreases dramatically, 3 weight maintenance at a...

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Effect of weight cycling on susceptibility to dietary obesity

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Sustained hyperphagia in adolescent rats that experienced neonatal maternal separation

Sustained hyperphagia in adolescent rats that experienced neonatal maternal separation

Effects of Intermittent Food Restriction and Refeeding on Energy Efficiency and Body Fat Deposition in Sedentary and Exercised Rats.

Short-term weight cycling in aging female rats increases rate of weight gain but not body fat content

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