Effect of water vapor on annealing scale formation on 316 SS

Cheng, Shiou–Ying; Kuan, S. L.; Tsai, Wen‐Ta

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2005.02.014

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, the detachment or pores at the metal-scale interface and cracks in the Cr 2 O 3 scale are obvious. The breakaway mechanism can be explained by the mechanically induced chemical failure [24] or hydrogen/water dissociation mechanism as water dissociation is endothermic at high temperature [43][44]. Rapid internal precipitation of nonprotective oxides such as (Fe,Cr) 3 O 4 form in the Cr-depleted zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of oxide scale formed on ferritic stainless steels in simulated reheating atmosphere

Cheng

Jiang

Wei

et al. 2014

Surface and Coatings Technology

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The aim of this study is to optimise the stainless steel oxidation behaviours during hot rolling. The high temperature oxidation behaviours of ferritic stainless steels B443NT and B445J1M were studied over the temperature range from 1000 to 1150 °C in a humid atmosphere containing 18% water vapour, as measured by a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The results indicate that breakaway oxidation occurs at 1090 °C for the B443NT steel, which is 60 °C lower than that for the B445J1M steel. The occurrence of iron oxide nodules on the steels marks the onset of breakaway oxidation; however, the breakaway oxidation phenomenon of B445J1M is different from that of B443NT due to a compact and continuous Mn-Cr spinel which is formed on the surface of B445J1M. The oxide nodules with regenerated Cr2O3 scale underneath the Fe-Cr spinel display better adhesion without showing pores at the metal-scale interface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of oxide scale formed on ferritic stainless steels in simulated reheating atmosphere

Cheng

Jiang

Wei

et al. 2014

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…The degradation and loss of protection to the oxidation of the steel is the result of the critical loss of chromium by volatilization, possibly due to the interaction between chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) and steam, forming volatile species of chromium, such as: (Ehlers et al, 2006;Cheng, Kuan & Tsai, 2006;Nasution, Velasco & Kim, 2009). shows Micrograph by SEM at 1200 x, using backscattered electron detection of the cross section of the AISI 316 steel sample and coated with Al oxidized at 700ºC for 1000 h. There is a coating thickness of approximately 45 µm.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of aluminium coating by CVD-FBR in steam oxidation at 700°C

Marulanda-Arévalo

Pérez-Trujillo

Castañeda-Quintana

2014

CT&F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro

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A luminum coatings have been obtained using the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Fluidized Bed Reactor technique (CVD-FBR), on austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304, AISI 316 and AISI 317), in order to evaluate resistance to steam oxidation at 700ºC. The coatings were characterized in their morphology/ composition and crystalline phases using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). In addition, thermodynamic simulation was performed using Thermo-Calc ® software to make the deposition of the coating on said steels similar to optimal conditions. All specimens -with and without aluminum coating by CVD-FBR-were oxidized at 700ºC, in a steam atmosphere of nearly 100% for 1000 h. The aluminum coating prevented the formation of oxide islands or crust, and reduced steel mass gain. Coated AISI steel showed a 25% reduction in mass gain compared to the same steel uncoated and oxidized under the same conditions. AISI 316 and AISI 317 steels underwent loss of mass because the brittle oxide that was formed came loose. 76F oram obtidos recobrimentos de alumínio pela técnica de deposição química de vapor por leito fluidizado (CVD-FBR por suas siglas em inglês), sobre aços inoxidáveis austeníticos (AISI 304, AISI 316 e AISI 317), com o propósito de avaliar a resistência à oxidação em vapor d'água a 700ºC. Os recobrimentos foram caracterizados em sua morfologia/composição e fases cristalinas mediante as técnicas de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEB), com análise de raios X por dispersão de energia (EDAX por suas siglas em inglês) e Difração de Raios X (DRX). Além disso, foi realizada simulação termodinâmica mediante o software comercial Thermo-Calc ® , com a finalidade de aproximar às condições ótimas a deposição do recobrimento sobre os mencionados aços. Todos os espécimes, sem e com recobrimento de alumínio por CVD-FBR, foram oxidados à temperatura de 700ºC, em uma atmosfera próxima a 100% de vapor d'água por 1000 h. O recobrimento de alumínio evitou a formação de ilhas ou camada de óxidos e diminuiu o ganho de massa dos aços. O aço AISI 304 com recobrimento apresentou uma redução de 25% no ganho de massa em comparação com o mesmo aço sem recobrimento e oxidado nas mesmas condições; os aços AISI 316 e AISI 317 apresentaram perda de massa, devido a que o óxido formado se solta por sua natureza quebradiça. Se han obtenido recubrimientos de aluminio por la técnica de deposición química de vapor por lecho fluidizado (CVD-FBR de sus siglas en inglés), sobre aceros inoxidables austeníticos (AISI 304, AISI 316 y AISI 317), con el propósito de evaluar la resistencia a la oxidación en vapor de agua a 700ºC. Los recubrimientos fueron caracterizados en su morfología/composición y fases cristalinas mediante las técnicas de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB), con análisis de rayos X por dispersión de energía (EDAX de sus siglas en ingles) y Difracción de Rayos X (DRX). Además, se realizó simulación termodinámica mediante el software comercial Thermo-Calc ® , con la f...

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“…6 During annealing, chromium oxide remains in the main phase as heating time remains relatively short. 4,[7][8][9] Neutral electrolytic pickling, developed in Austria by the Ruthner company in the 1960s, utilizes electrochemistry for the rapid dissolution of scale as a pre-pickling step for final mixed acid pickling. 3,6,10,11 The process is also known as the Ruthner Neolyte Process or neutral electrochemical pickling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a bipolar neutral electrochemical pickling system, the current efficiency is decreased because of electrodeto-electrode short-circuiting. From the total current only about 20%-30% [6][7][8] goes through the steel strip leaving total current efficiency as low as 2%-6% when combined with the effect of the current lost to side reactions. 11 F I G U R E 1 (A) Basic bipolar system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory‐scale simulation of industrial neutral electrolytic pickling as a bipolar system—Parameters affecting indirect polarization pickling of annealed stainless steel

Tuovinen

Vielma

Lassi

2020

Engineering Reports

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As the production of stainless steel increases, environmental concerns due to an increasing demand of production capacity, require an efficient use of energy and materials. Efficient removal of otherwise slow-to-dissolve chromium oxide layer can be achieved with electrochemical pre-pickling before final mixed acid pickling. Neutral electrolytic pickling can be used to rapidly dissolve chromium oxides but suffers from low current efficiency of both the reaction and the system. In order to study the effect of critical parameters for the current efficiency of the system, a pickling device was assembled. A system current efficiency factorial analysis of bipolar neutral electrolytic pickling was conducted for temperature, electrolyte concentration, cell potential, and electrode-to-sample distance. Lowering the concentration of electrolytes shows potential to increase current efficiency significantly as conductivity can be used to reduce electrode-to-electrode short-circuiting, which is the biggest cause of decreased efficiency in neutral electrolytic pickling. Increasing the temperature has a positive effect on efficiency, despite increased conductivity, possibly from increasing reaction kinetics. K E Y W O R D S bipolar electrode, current efficiency, factorial analysis, neutral electrochemical pickling, stainless steel This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Effect of water vapor on annealing scale formation on 316 SS

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

Characteristics of oxide scale formed on ferritic stainless steels in simulated reheating atmosphere

Characteristics of oxide scale formed on ferritic stainless steels in simulated reheating atmosphere

Behavior of aluminium coating by CVD-FBR in steam oxidation at 700°C

Laboratory‐scale simulation of industrial neutral electrolytic pickling as a bipolar system—Parameters affecting indirect polarization pickling of annealed stainless steel

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