Effect of water treatment processes on Cryptosporidium infectivity

Keegan, Alexandra; Daminato, David; Saint, Christopher P.; Monis, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.008

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between CC-IFA and a mouse assay for assessing the efficacy of chlorine dioxide and UV inactivation of oocysts (24). The effects of chemical and UV disinfection, alum coagulation, and dissolved air flotation were evaluated using qPCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene to detect infections in HCT-8 cells (11,12). Infectious oocysts were detected in 1.4% of treated drinking water samples using a CC-PCR assay targeting hsp70 DNA (1), and the same assay detected infectious oocysts in 4.5% of raw water samples and 7.4% of treatment plant filter backwash water samples (5,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Assays for Sensitive and Reproducible Detection of Cell Culture-Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in Drinking Water

Johnson¹,

Giovanni²,

Rochelle³

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study compared the three most commonly used assays for detecting Cryptosporidium sp. infections in cell culture: immunofluorescent antibody and microscopy assay (IFA), PCR targeting Cryptosporidium sp.-specific DNA, and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) targeting Cryptosporidium sp.-specific mRNA. Monolayers of HCT-8 cells, grown in 8-well chamber slides or 96-well plates, were inoculated with a variety of viable and inactivated oocysts to assess assay performance. All assays detected infection with low doses of flow cytometry-enumerated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, including infection with one oocyst and three oocysts. All methods also detected infection with Cryptosporidium hominis. The RT-PCR assay, IFA, and PCR assay detected infection in 23%, 25%, and 51% of monolayers inoculated with three C. parvum oocysts and 10%, 9%, and 16% of monolayers inoculated with one oocyst, respectively. The PCR assay was the most sensitive, but it had the highest frequency of false positives with mock-infected cells and inactivated oocysts. IFA was the only infection detection assay that did not produce false positives with mock-infected monolayers. IFA was also the only assay that detected infections in all experiments with spiked oocysts recovered from Envirochek capsules following filtration of 1,000 liters of treated water. Consequently, cell culture with IFA detection is the most appropriate method for routine and sensitive detection of infectious Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in drinking water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Assays for Sensitive and Reproducible Detection of Cell Culture-Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in Drinking Water

Johnson¹,

Giovanni²,

Rochelle³

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Although conventional water treatment stations are able to remove 99% of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts from water sources, there is still a risk of transmission (4) . Indeed, because oocysts exhibit high compressibility during fi ltration, these oocysts can behave as small particles (2-4μm), allowing them to pass through commonly used fi lters and enter treated water provided to consumers (5) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and other pathogenic intestinal parasites in the Beberibe River in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Freitas

Paiva

Filho

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Transmission of pathogenic protozoa and helminths by water is a serious public health problem. In this study, we analyzed the presence of these organisms in the Beberibe River in Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: Parasite analysis was performed using the Hoffman, Pons, & Janer method followed by centrifugation and preparation of slides by staining with acetic acid and Lugol's solution. Protozoan oocysts were isolated by the modifi ed Ziehl Neelsen method. Results: Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and other parasites were found in the Beberibe River. Conclusions: Sanitation companies must assess pathogenic intestinal parasites in water basins providing public water and subsequently develop improved treatment systems for removal of such parasites.

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“…Essas doenças de veiculação hídrica são geralmente assintomáticas, mas podem causar sintomas comuns como diarreia, desidratação e vômitos (MWH, 2005). Os (oo)cistos apresentam elevada resistência no meio ambiente e baixa dose infectante (Keegan et al, 2008;Bevilacqua et al, 2009).…”

Section: Lista De Tabelasunclassified

“…Os (oo)cistos são capazes de sobreviver longos períodos em ambientes desfavoráveis (Keegan et al, 2008). Cacciò et al (2003) observaram que cistos de Giardia spp.…”

Section: Protozoários Em áGuas De Abastecimentounclassified

“…O gênero Cryptosporidium engloba 14 espécies e se refere ao protozoário que possui o oocisto como forma infectante. Dentre as espécies, as mais importantes para abastecimento de água são o Cryptosporidium parvum e o Cryptosporidium hominis por apresentar riscos ao ser humano (Keegan et al, 2008;Thompson et al, 2016). Além disso, giardíase e a criptosporidíase também podem ocorrer em animais domésticos e selvagens (Cacciò et al, 2003).…”

Section: Protozoários Em áGuas De Abastecimentounclassified

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Avaliação e tratamento da água de lavagem dos filtros e dos resíduos sedimentados gerados pela tecnologia de ciclo completo contendo oocistos de <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. e cistos de <i>Giardia</i> spp.

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Effect of water treatment processes on Cryptosporidium infectivity

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of Assays for Sensitive and Reproducible Detection of Cell Culture-Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in Drinking Water

Comparison of Assays for Sensitive and Reproducible Detection of Cell Culture-Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in Drinking Water

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and other pathogenic intestinal parasites in the Beberibe River in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Avaliação e tratamento da água de lavagem dos filtros e dos resíduos sedimentados gerados pela tecnologia de ciclo completo contendo oocistos de <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. e cistos de <i>Giardia</i> spp.

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