Effect of water stress on yield and evapotranspiration of sunflower

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Rimski Šančevi Experiment Field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad during 2000 -2005. The soil in the experimental plot was calcareous chernozem on loess terrace. Using the yield response factor (ky), the study investigated how sunflower yield and evapotranspiration were affected by deficit of available soil water during the growing season. The experiment consisted of an irrigated treatment (T 1 ), in which irrigation was used when soil moisture levels dropped to 60-65% of FC (field capacity), and a nonirrigated control treatment (T 0 ). The sunflower hybrid used in the study was NS-H-111.On average, no significant differences in yield level were observed between T 1 (3.79 t ha -1 ) and T 0 (3.75 t ha -1 ) treatments. Seasonal evapotranspiration (ETm) obtained in T 1 treatment was in the 402-479 mm range. The yield response factor (ky) was obtained as 0.20 for total growing season and 0.27, 0.31 and 0.48 for vegetative, flowering and yield formation period, respectively. Period from flowering to maturity was the most sensitive towards water deficiency.

Effect of drip irrigation on yield, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

“…Cakir (2004 reported that values of Ky for a given crop and locality varied from year to year even at the same location. Pejić et al (2011Pejić et al ( , 2009 cited low values of Ky for corn (0.21-0.46) and sunflower (0.070-0.029) in supplementary irrigation in temperate climate of the Vojvodina region that is in agreement with above reference. The same author (Cakir, 2004) also reported the higest Ky value of corn (1.36) in the season which experienced severe drought whereas much lower value (0.81) for the rainy year.…”

“…In such a case nutrients are taken away from shallow to deeper soil layers, confirming a supplementary character of irrigation in this region (Pejić et al, 2014). Pejić et al (2009Pejić et al ( , 2011 quoted that in rainy years the impact of irrigation on yield of growing plants may be negligible to missing. In the vegetation season 2016 rainfall amounted 253 mm while the amount of water added by irrigation was 140 mm (Figure 1, Table 2).…”

Yield and water use efficiency of irrigated soybean in Vojvodina, Serbia

“…Given data indicate that climatic patterns in Vojvodina are changeable and longer-term predictions of precipitation are not possible. This confirms supplementary character of irrigation in Vojvodina (Pejić et al 2009, Pejić et al 2010, meaning that precipitation can affect the soil water regime and irrigation schedule of soybean. The other seven years had precipitation, in the soybean growing seasons, in range from 110 mm in extremely droughty 2000 to 320 mm in 2004 which was moderate for soybean production.…”

“…The average yield increases of soybean due to irrigation practice was 0.82 t ha -1 on average, ranging from 2.465 t ha -1 in years with limited precipitation and higher than average seasonal temperatures (2000) to 0 t ha -1 in rainy years (1996,1997,1999). As precipitation cannot be predicted for long term in variable climate conditions of Vojvodina, negative effect of irrigation may occur if it is done before a heavy rain, because in that case the soil may become over moist and the excess water may percolate into deep soil layers taking the nutrients with it (Pejić et al 2009). This was the case in the rainy years of 1996, 1997and 1999.…”

Aridity index as a useful tool for describing impacts of precipitation and temperature regime on maize yield in Vojvodina

“…1), vremenu zalivanja i zalivnim normama (Tab. 2) ukazuju na dopunski karakter navodnjavanja u Vojvodini (Pejić et al 2009). Padavine se ne mogu unapred predvideti za duži period vremena, odnosno posle obavljenih zalivanja može pasti obilnija kiša (2005.…”