Effect of Water Stress and Weed Control on Weeds, Broomrape and Yield in Some Faba Bean Varieties

Abstract

Broomrape and weeds are determining factors for faba bean cultivation in Egypt. In split split plot design for this reason two field experiments in clouded fifty treatments were conducted in naturally infested fields with weeds and broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) at Shandaweel Research Station, Sohag governorate during 2012/13 and 2013/14 winter seasons to study the effect of two water stress treatments (The irrigations regimes was 60% and 100% FC), five faba bean varieties namely (Giza843, Misr3, Nubaria1, Nubaria3 and Sakha4) and five weed control treatments Select-super at 500 cc/fed+ Basagran at 500 cc/fed+ Roundup twice at 75 cc/fed, Topik at 140 g/fed + Basagran at 500 cc/fed + Roundup twice at 75 cc/fed, Hand hoeing twice at 18, 30 DAS+ Hand pulling twice, Hand hoeing twice + Roundup twice at 75 cc/fed and untreated check on weeds, broomrape, faba bean seed yield and its components and water use efficiency. Results revealed that irrigation depletion at 60% FC decreased the dry weight of total weeds by 35.85 and 28.22% in first and sacond seasons as respectively compared with irrigation depletion at 100% FC. Irrigation at 100% FC decreased both number and dry weight of broomrape spikes/m 2 by 31.90 and 30.44% in 2012/13 season and by 23.13 and 24.35% in 2013/14 season, respectively, delayed broomrape emergence above soil surface and increase faba bean seed yield /fed and its components compared with depletion at 60% FC in both seasons. Water consumptive use (CU) values were (992.5 and 737.1 m 3 /fed.) for 100 and 60% FC treatment, respectively, in both seasons. The highest value of water use efficiency (WUE) recorded 1046.6 and 758.0 kg/m 3 by using of irrigation at 60% FC in both seasons. The highest CU (882.5 and 935.6 m 3 /fed.) and WUE (1.008 and 0.980 kg/m 3) were recorded 1.008 and by sown Sakka4 cultivar in both seasons, respectively. Excelled varieties of Nubaria1, Nubaria3 and Giza843 than other varieties and increase yield and its components by reducing the grassy and broad-leaved and total weeds in the both seasons. This due to the increased height of the plants, as well as increase the number of branches/plant compared other varieties. Varieties of Giza843 and Misr3 were brief and partially resistant to infection and Sakha4 was tolerant injured broomrape contrast while, Nubaria1 and 3, which were highly susceptible in both seasons. Weed control treatments decreased significantly the dry weight of grassy, broad-leaved and total weeds, numbers and weight of broomrape spikes and delayed broomrape emergence above soil surface of broomrape and gave the highest values of yield and yield components in both seasons. The best treatments were (Select-super +Basagran+ Roundup twice) and hand hoeing twice at 18, 30 DAS+ Hand pulling twice in both seasons. The interactions between irrigation regimes X varieties, irrigation regimes X weed control treatments, varieties X weed control treatments and irrigation regimes X varieties X weed control treatments decreased significantly the dry weight of weeds, nu...

Effect of weed control on performance of some faba bean cultivars in a broomrape naturally infested soil

“…Concerning of the interactions of the three faba bean cultivars and the previous weed control treatments gave the highest significant reduction on the annual weeds presented associated to control broomrape as parasitic weed and reflected that to give the highest yield and its components, addition to give the highest economic net gross in both seasons. These results are in agreement with those obtained by (Fakkar et al 2016;Eid et al 2017;El-Gedwy et al 2020;El-Sherbeni et al, 2021) they reported that spraying with glyphosate followed by hand pulling significantly increased faba bean yield and its components as compared to untreated. Finally: Roundup Star herbicide was the core of the present study.…”

“…Ibrahim et al (2014) found that Giza 843 cultivar decreased dry weight of weeds and increased seed yield. Fakkar et al (2016) indicated that excelled cultivars of Nubaria1and 3 and Giza 843 than other cultivars and increase yield and its components by reducing the grassy and broad-leaved weeds, increased height of the plants, as well as increase the number of branches/plants compared with other cultivars. Giza 843 and Misr 3 cultivars were brief and partially resistant to broomrape infection, contrast Nubaria1 and 3, which were highly susceptible.…”

“…Because of the high cost of labor as well as the high cost of energy for mechanical annual weed control, herbicide treatments continue appear to be the most effective, require the least amount of time, and the least expensive option in conventional agriculture (Garcia De Arevalo et al, 1992;Gressel, 2000). Fakkar et al (2016) indicated that weed control treatments significantly decreased the dry weight of grassy, broad-leaves and total weeds, numbers and weight of broomrape spikes and delayed broomrape emergence above soil surface and gave the highest values of yield and yield components. The best treatments were (Select-super +Basagran+ Roundup twice) and/or hand hoeing twice at 18, 30 DAS+ Hand pulling twice.…”

Response of Growth, Productivity and Quality For Some Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars to Different Irrigation Regimes

“…As the combined of the two seasons, over all tested cultivars, the data show that the faba bean plants irrigated with two times had the highest significant values of water productivity (1.95kg / m 3 ) compared to those irrigated with 4 times which produced the lowest one (1.46kg/ m 3 ). Similar results were obtained by other investigators who found that the values of total water applied to faba bean / fed was decreased, while water use efficiency was generally increased when the plants were exposed to drought stress conditions by decreasing the number of irrigations up to 3 irrigations (Eid et al, 2008) or 4 irrigations (Fakkar et al, 2016).…”

“…Other investigators found that exposing faba bean plants to any water drought stress caused a significant damaging for plant growth (Oukaltouma et al, 2021;Abdelhaleim et al, 2022), seed yield/ plant and its components (El-Emshaty et al, 2021;Yousry et al, 2021) and seed yield/ fed (Abdel-Ghany et al, 2016;EL-Mansoury & Saleh, 2017) but led to an increase in protein % (Mekkei, 2014;Megawer et al, 2017) and water use efficiency (Abdel Samie et al, 2021;Noreldin & Abd-Alla, 2022). Moreover, Fakkar et al (2016), Tawfik et al (2018) and El-Gabry & Morsi (2019) found that the faba bean cultivars differed in their behaviour and seed and water productivity under various drought stress conditions.…”