Effect of water quality on the yield and quality of the products from hydrothermal liquefaction and carbonization of rice straw

Utilization of solid residue from hydrothermal liquefaction of breadfruit pulp for the production of bio-briquette using cassava starch as binder

“…The CHNS/O analysis was conducted on the samples produced with optimum process condition, with to determine the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur, content of the samples, while the oxygen contents are determined by mass difference [ 22 ]. This was done PerkinElmer 2400 Series II CHNS/O Elemental Analyzer.…”

Platform chemicals from hardwood black liquor via hydrothermal liquefaction: influence of process conditions on product yields and quality

“…Detailed procedures to determine TDS and TSS are available elsewhere. 21 The ion distribution in the liquid phase and hydrochars was determined using an ion chromatograph (Mag IC Net, Metrohm instruments, cation column – Metrosep C6 – 150/4.0, anion column – Metrosep A Supp 5 – 250/4.0). Typically, 3 mmol L −1 HNO 3 flowing at a rate of 0.9 mL min −1 was used as the cation eluent, while a mixture of 3.2 mmol L −1 Na 2 CO 3 and 1 mmol L −1 NaHCO 3 flowing at a rate of 0.7 mL min −1 was used as the anion eluent.…”

“…Detailed specications of the experimental setup are available elsewhere. 20,21 In a typical experiment, 75 g of dry black liquor (102.5 g with moisture) was loaded along with 397.5 g Milli-Q water (solid wt% = 15), and it was initially pressurized with N 2 . The reactor was then heated, and the HTL reaction was allowed to occur under the corresponding operating conditions (250-400 °C, 15-60 min).…”

Agricultural Wastes and Their By-Products for the Energy Market

“…Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) is a complex mixture of oxygenated organics that can be further converted into transportation fuels. To convert agricultural waste into liquid hydrocarbons such as bio-oil, thermochemical technologies such as intermediate pyrolysis [108], fast pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction [49], or gasification with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [109] have been used.…”