Effect of water - methanol blends on engine performance at borderline knock conditions in gasoline direct injection engines

Miganakallu, Niranjan; Yang, Zhuyong; Rogóż, Rafał; Kapusta, Łukasz Jan; Christensen, Cord; Barros, Sam; Naber, Jeffrey

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114750

Cited by 49 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The enthalpy of vaporisation of water is even much larger than that of methanol and thus has significant anti-knock potentials. Experiments on a GDI engine showed that KLST could be advanced by water-methanol blends PFI, with pure water PFI having the most advanced KLST [163].…”

Section: Methanol-gasoline Dual Injection Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines

Huang

Surawski

Zhuang

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Modern spark ignition engines mostly use one injection system to deliver gasoline into the combustion chamber, using either direct injection or port fuel injection. Both technologies have their respective advantages. To integrate their advantages and to promote the use of renewable fuels, dual injection engines are in development in recent years. Dual injection represents an advanced combustion system and is a novel technology to address the urgent issues of sustainability and environmental protection. This study reviews the state-of-the-art research on dual injection spark ignition engines with a focus on renewable fuels, their advantages and engine performance. The main advantages of dual injection include greater control flexibility, enhanced cooling effect, knock mitigation, engine downsizing, extended lean-burn limits, higher thermal efficiency and reductions of several emission species. The most promising renewable fuels for dual injection are ethanol, methanol and hydrogen. Each renewable fuel is aimed at different advantages of dual injection.Alcohol-gasoline dual injection provides great anti-knock ability by taking advantage of alcohols' large enthalpies of vaporisation and high octane numbers, while hydrogen-gasoline dual injection provides extended lean-burn limits by taking advantage of hydrogen's low ignition energy, wide flammability limit and high flame speed. Direct injection of renewable fuels is the optimal injection strategy because it effectively utilises the strong cooling effect of alcohols or avoids the volumetric efficiency reduction and preignition of hydrogen. Dual injection generally demonstrates higher thermal efficiency than single injection.In addition, dual injection effectively reduces particulate emissions while there are usually trade-offs among gaseous emissions.

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Section: Methanol-gasoline Dual Injection Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines

Huang

Surawski

Zhuang

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Injection timing has the highest level of contribution to PN emissions, especially in lean combustion conditions. Miganakallu et al (2020) studied the impact of water-methanol injection on the GDI engines. Different performance indicators were used to evaluate the engine efficiency with water-methanol blends, pure water or pure methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigations of Injection Timing Effects on a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Performance: Part A, In-Cylinder Combustion Process

et al. 2022

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine are widely adopted in the automobile industry since its advantage in the fuel economy. Injection Timing (IT) is an important parameter for the GDI engine, having a great impact on the spray atomization, mixture evenness, combustion characteristics, and therefore performance of the GDI engine. With the motive of IT optimization, a three-dimensional CFD model of a single cylinder 4-stroke spark ignition GDI engine with bore of 84 mm and compression ratio of 10.3 was utilized to analyze the detailed process at different IT (270, 280, 290, 300-degree CA BTDC), while the other conditions were invariant like rotate speed at 2000 RPM. The spray, turbulence, G-equation combustion were included. The result indicated that delayed IT tended to reduce drop-wall impingement significantly but still intensified unevenness of mixture concertation severely, resulting in fuel-rich region appeared around cylinder. Because the duration available for mixing was shortened, which dominantly intensified the unevenness of the mixture. The combustion was deteriorated as the IT delayed because the excessive equivalence ratio region severely slowed flame propagation and frozen at the most uneven region, which finally degraded thermal efficiency and engine performance. In conclusion, this paper demonstrated the whole process from injection to combustion, revealing that droplet-wall impingement and available duration for mixing are dominant trade-off factors for mixture formation and following combustion process, as the IT changes.

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“…The specific heat capacity of water is large. Liquid water absorbs the heat in the cylinder to evaporate into superheated steam, which can effectively reduce the temperature and pressure and thus can effectively reduce the knock tendency. , There are three types of NO x : thermal NO x , prompt NO x , and fuel NO x . Almost all NO x in gasoline engines is thermal NO x .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study of Water Injection Position and Pressure on the Knock, Combustion, and Emissions of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Zheng

Song³

2021

ACS Omega

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A turbocharged downsizing spark ignition (SI) engine combined with direct injection technology has the potential to improve the power and fuel economy and reduce emissions. However, gasoline engines are prone to knocking under low-speed and high-load conditions, which limits the application and development of downsizing SI engines. In this study, numerical simulation methods are used to explore the feasibility of water injection in the intake port to reduce the knock tendency of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and to explore the effects of different water injection pressures on combustion and emissions. First, the GDI engine is induced to knock by increasing the compression ratio and advancing the spark timing. Then, the influences of low position and no angle (LPNA) and high position and angled water injector arrangements on engine combustion are explored. When the water injector arrangement is LPNA, the turbulent kinetic energy near the spark plug is higher, the equivalence ratio is more evenly distributed, and the engine knock intensity is smaller. Finally, when the arrangement of the water injector is LPNA, the effects of water injection pressure on the knock, combustion, and emissions of the GDI engine are explored. The results show that when the water injection pressure is 5 bar, the knock intensity of the engine is the smallest, the cycle work is the highest, and the emissions of NO x and unburned hydrocarbon are the lowest.

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Effect of water - methanol blends on engine performance at borderline knock conditions in gasoline direct injection engines

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines

Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines

Numerical Investigations of Injection Timing Effects on a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Performance: Part A, In-Cylinder Combustion Process

A Simulation Study of Water Injection Position and Pressure on the Knock, Combustion, and Emissions of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

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