Effect of Water Density/Pressure on the Corrosion Behavior of 304 and 310 Stainless Steels

Sanchez, Rainier Garcia; Huang, Xiao; Liu, P.

doi:10.1007/s11085-017-9812-7

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The oxide phase composition values calculated in this study show excellent correspondence with those provided by Bsat & Huang [2016]. Except for (Ni,Fe)Cr2O4 and Fe2CrO4, excellent correspondence was also observed between the oxide phase composition values calculated in this study and those provided by Sanchez et al [2018]. The discrepancy in values for (Ni,Fe)Cr2O4 and Fe2CrO4 provided by Sanchez et al [2018] seems to be due to errors on their part, as the total composition of those oxide phases does not sum up to 100 wt%.…”

Section: A2 Corroborating the Oxide Phase Compositionssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Oxidation Study of Incoloy 800H Tubes Exposed to Super-Heated Steam and Supercritical Water

Nazarali

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Incoloy 800H, a high-nickel austenitic alloy, has great merit for use in Supercritical Water (SCW). The development of the CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear Supercritical Water Reactor (SCWR) was the driving force behind this research to investigate the oxidation performance of Incoloy 800H for use as fuel cladding.The oxidation behaviour of Incoloy 800H was investigated in Super-Heated Steam (SHS) (625 o C, 0.1 MPa) for a duration of 500 hours and, again, for 1,000 hours, and in SCW (625 o C, 26.14 MPa) for 500 hours using novel tube specimens. Four specimen configurations were prepared to have a combination of Open-Ends (OE) or Closed-Ends (CE) with either a Bare Surface (BS) or a NiCrAlY Coated Surface (CS). The OE and CE specimens experienced different through-thickness stress distributions due to their testing environment, which allowed comparison and characterization of their performance with regard to oxidation and stress.Standard mass and dimension change measurements performed on the test specimens were observed to be unreliable for characterizing the relative oxidation between different test environments and specimen configurations. Detailed metallographic studies were made with the aid of optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersion Spectrometry (EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), in addition to mass and dimensional measurements. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to determine the effect that specimen configuration and testing environment have on the stress distributions within the specimens.Testing showed that BS specimens in SHS and SCW produced sufficiently similar oxidation behaviours and oxide scales; spallation of the outer Fe-rich oxide layer was believed to have occurred. The CS specimens formed a thin and discontinuous oxide under both SHS and SCW. The CE/BS tube yielded and collapsed when exposed to SCW with iv cracks and 'folds' vulnerable to oxidation forming on the collapsed surfaces. The NiCrAlY coating provided sufficient strength to reinforce the CE/CS tube preventing its collapse in SCW conditions.From the perspective of oxidation performance, it has been determined that SHS (625 o C, 0.1 MPa) is a suitable medium for investigating the oxidation behaviour of Incoloy 800H in SCW (625 o C, 26.14 MPa) and would provide comparatively conservative results.The coating affords the tube additional protection from both oxidation and stress, providing the potential of extending the operating life of the Incoloy 800H tubes. v I am grateful for the support and expertise of

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Section: A2 Corroborating the Oxide Phase Compositionssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…were compared to values provided by Bsat & Huang [2016] and Sanchez et al [2018]. The oxide phase composition values calculated in this study show excellent correspondence with those provided by Bsat & Huang [2016].…”

Section: A2 Corroborating the Oxide Phase Compositionssupporting

confidence: 61%

Oxidation Study of Incoloy 800H Tubes Exposed to Super-Heated Steam and Supercritical Water

Nazarali

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“…For example, the solution conductivity was found to be increased by more than 1 order of magnitude with increasing pressure from 9.8 to 25 MPa at 310 °C. ,, These changes would lead to an increase in the dissolution of cation in the oxides into water and also possibly facilitate the adsorption of oxidizing species (H 2 O, OH – , etc.) on the surface scales formed on the two steels, ,, consequently enhancing the chemical dissolution process of formed oxides and promoting the formation of cation vacancies near the oxide/solution interface. As shown in Figure , the accumulation of Ni around grain boundaries within the oxide layer could be from the abovementioned effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Major Operating Parameters (Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Rate) on the Corrosion of Candidate Alloys for the Construction of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Reactors

2022

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising thermochemical technology to convert wet biomass and biowastes into marketable bio-oils and biochemicals in an environmentally friendly manner. However, industrial deployment of this technology has been significantly hindered due to very limited materials and corrosion knowledge for the selection of appropriate alloys for the construction and long-term safe operation of HTL reactors. This study investigated the influence of operating temperature, pressure, and flow rate on the corrosion modes and extents of two candidate constructional steels (SS310 and P91) using high-temperature static autoclaves and environmental loop facilities under representative HTL conversion conditions, followed by post-mortem X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy, focused ion beam, and transmission electron microscopy characterizations of the formed corrosion products. The two steels experienced general and/or nodular oxidation in hot HTL water at 250–365 °C. Increasing temperature and flow rate resulted in a noticeable increase in the corrosion rate of P91. For SS310, there is critical temperature point (around 310 °C) above which its corrosion rate decreases with temperature. Increasing flow rate suppressed the nodular oxidation of SS310 and consequently led to a decrease in the corrosion rate. Increasing pressure from 9.8 to 25 MPa promoted the oxide formation on SS310 while caused an increased dissolution rate of the corrosion layer grown on P91 steel at 310 °C. In the simulated HTL conversion environments, the corrosion layer on P91 was mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and chromite (Fe3–x Cr x O4), while a compact and protective inner Cr-enriched layer was formed on SS310 along with the presence of other cations. Related corrosion mechanisms were also discussed and proposed.

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“…Some of the candidate materials that can be used are stainless steels and high nickel-chromium alloys. The corrosion resistance of stainless steels to oxidation in SCW environment was recently studied [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. These alloys exhibit the lowest weight gains among most of the candidate alloys that are under investigation [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Oxidation Behavior of 304L and 310S Steels with Potential Application in Supercritical Water-cooled Nuclear Reactors

Galan¹,

Ducu²,

Fulger³

et al. 2020

Rev. Chim.

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Selecting proper candidate materials is one key issue for the development of the supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor (SCWR). Designing or choosing the most fitting materials means better sustainability, economics and safety. As the supercritical water is a very aggressive corrosive media, corrosion becomes one challenging problem for the materials used in the SCWR. This paper involves the corrosion testing of two stainless steels (304L and 310S) and microstructure evaluation of samples after being exposed to supercritical water. The test parameters were set at the temperature of 550oC and the pressure of 25 MPa for up to 63 days. The samples were investigated using gravimetric corrosion test, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed a lower corrosion performance, in terms of weight change and surface oxide formation, for 304L due to its low chromium content. 310S has excellent corrosion resistance because the chromium content is higher. The results obtained will be useful in future research of test protocol and development of alloys that could be used as reactor fuel cladding and other components in the SCWR.

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Effect of Water Density/Pressure on the Corrosion Behavior of 304 and 310 Stainless Steels

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Oxidation Study of Incoloy 800H Tubes Exposed to Super-Heated Steam and Supercritical Water

Oxidation Study of Incoloy 800H Tubes Exposed to Super-Heated Steam and Supercritical Water

Influence of Major Operating Parameters (Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Rate) on the Corrosion of Candidate Alloys for the Construction of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biorefining Reactors

Investigation of Oxidation Behavior of 304L and 310S Steels with Potential Application in Supercritical Water-cooled Nuclear Reactors

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