Effect of Water and Cement Content on the Mechanical Properties of Cold Recycled Mixtures (CRM) with Bitumen Emulsion

Raschia, Simone; Chauhan, Tushar; Panwar, Shalu; Carter, Alan; Graziani, Andrea; Perraton, Daniel

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29779-4_27

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As stated in regulations, attention must be paid to such mixtures because they are specific in relation to mixtures in which cement and bitumen emulsion are combined. In most studies, the cement content was 2% or less [37,38], although in some studies the cement content was 6% [22]. The bitumen emulsion content in the studies was between 2% and 5% with few studies where the emulsion content was higher than 5%.…”

Section: Background 21 Overview Of Studies With Asphalt Mixturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…The obtained results refer to specimens of recycled base layers with bitumen emulsion cured for 72 h and at 40 • C. Their results show that there is no significant difference in Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) with foam bitumen and bitumen emulsion. Raschia et al [22] conducted tests of the effects of water and cement on cold recycled mixtures. A total of four mixtures with two different water contents (2% and 4%) and two different cement contents (0% and 1.5%) were tested.…”

Section: Background 21 Overview Of Studies With Asphalt Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Wasted and Recycled Materials for Production of Stabilized Layers of Road Structures

et al. 2022

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The construction industry, as one of the most complex sectors, depends on using wasted and recycled materials, timely decision-making, and adequate execution of all activities in supply chains. This paper presents tests of mixtures for cold in-place recycling where existing material is used. In this research, we used cement and bitumen emulsion as well as fly ash, zeolite, slag, and Bakelite. A total of seven mixtures were tested in order to increase sustainability. It was tested the indirect tensile strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity after seven and 28 days for dry specimens, after 28 days for water-saturated specimens and for specimens exposed to frost. After completing the tests using the MEREC (MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) and CoCoSo (Combined Compromise Solution) multi-criteria model, mixtures were evaluated and ranked in terms of mechanical properties, price, and environmental protection. Considering the ranking of mixtures using the CoCoSo method, the highest quality mixtures, for most combinations of weight factors, are mixtures with slag, mixtures with fly ash, and mixtures with 2% of cement and 2% of bitumen emulsion. Sensitivity analysis was also performed with new simulated values of the criteria in order to determine the individual influence of the criteria on the ranking of mixtures. The conclusions are as follows: the use of bitumen emulsion, cement, waste materials, and other materials in cold recycling would reduce the cost of recycling pavement structures, increase environmental protection, while the mechanical properties of the pavement structures are within acceptable limits.

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Section: Background 21 Overview Of Studies With Asphalt Mixturementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Background 21 Overview Of Studies With Asphalt Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Wasted and Recycled Materials for Production of Stabilized Layers of Road Structures

et al. 2022

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“…The mechanical investigation of the four asphalt mixtures (see Figure S2 in Supplementary Materials) were evaluated by investigating the engineering performance reported in Table 1 in compliance with the EN standards. The optimum bitumen content (OBC) was identified in correspondence to the maximum S value [65] (see Tables 2-4) for the hot asphalt mixtures of the binder (see Table 2a) and base (see Table 2b) layer, while for the cold asphalt mixtures, designed only for the base layer (see Table 2b), the optimum solution was identified by considering those with the specific gravity and ITS value, assessed at the 28th curing day [72], close to those of HMA base (see Table 4). Therefore, the optimum cement, water and bituminous emulsion content were 1.5, 5 and 3.75% by the weight of the grading curve for CMRA RAP solution, respectively, and 0.5, 5 and 5% for CMRA RAPJGW , respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Practice for the Application of Waste in Road Asphalt Pavements in an Eco-Friendly Way

2021

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The integration of circular economy principles in the design of road pavements raises the problem of obtaining high-performance asphalt mixtures for reduction of waste and environmental pollution compared to traditional solutions. In this study, the base and binder layers of road asphalt pavements were prepared by using reclaimed asphalt pavement and construction and demolition waste as coarse aggregates, while jet grouting waste and fly ash served as fillers. A leaching test was performed for the marginal materials, after which the engineering performances of the designed asphalt mixtures were investigated through laboratory tests. A life cycle assessment methodology was applied to determine the life cycle impacts of one cubic meter of each asphalt solution. Next, a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was performed for the solutions suggested for the binder and base layers. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the most suitable MCDA solutions by varying the weights for a total of 24 different weight configurations. The results of this work revealed that the solutions utilizing jet grouting waste (in particular, the hot asphalt mixture for the binder layer and cold asphalt mixture for the base layer) were preferred to other traditional and alternative solutions in most decision-making scenarios.

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Integration of life cycle assessment into a decision support system for selecting sustainable road asphalt pavement mixtures prepared with waste

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et al. 2021

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Effect of Water and Cement Content on the Mechanical Properties of Cold Recycled Mixtures (CRM) with Bitumen Emulsion

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Application of Wasted and Recycled Materials for Production of Stabilized Layers of Road Structures

Application of Wasted and Recycled Materials for Production of Stabilized Layers of Road Structures

A Practice for the Application of Waste in Road Asphalt Pavements in an Eco-Friendly Way

Integration of life cycle assessment into a decision support system for selecting sustainable road asphalt pavement mixtures prepared with waste

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