Effect of waste textile dye adsorbed almond shell on self compacting mortar

A Continuous Fixed Bed Adsorption Process for Fez City Urban Wastewater Using Almond Shell Powder: Experimental and Optimization Study

“…For this purpose, the samples must be kept in the dark and at a temperature of 4 • C in a refrigerator; for some parameters, they must be fixed, such as COD, where a few drops of sulphuric acid were added, and for nitrites, hydrochloric acid was added [30,31]. The adsorbent used is an almond shell, and this adsorbent was washed several times with distilled water to eliminate any kind of adherent impurities until clear water was obtained and the pH stabilized [10], then dried in an oven for 24 h at 110 °C to avoid any alteration of the physicochemical properties of the materials and ground in a mill, allowing a powder to be obtained with homogeneous grains of small size, generally less than 2 mm; then, the particles obtained were mechanically isolated by means of a sieve (Figures 2 and 3) where the mesh size corresponded to diameters of 0.063-0.281 and 0.5 mm [16]. The identification of the nature of different components present in our material was carried out by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [17], the observation of the surface topography of almond shell particles was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) [2], and the determination of the crystalline structure of the materials, as well as the identification of the crystallized phases present in a biomaterial carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) [18].…”

“…Each peak corresponds to a vibrational energy from the light absorbed from the molecule, which, in turn, corresponds to a specific chemical bond. Examination of the spectrum shown in Figure 2 shows a peak with a transmittance of 0% and a wave number of approximately 1083 cm −1 ; this peak corresponds to a Si-O grouping [16]. The peaks located at 1411.49 cm −1 and 866.61 cm −1 certainly correspond to calcite-specific CO 3 ; the peak located at 3333 cm −1 with a transmittance of 88% corresponds to an O-H grouping [14,15].…”

“…The parametric study of the process allowed a better understanding of the independent effect of each parameter on the adsorption capacity, and it was found that the adsorption quality was favored by a small size of 63µ m, a height of 7 cm and pH of 6.5. It contributed to the improvement of the physicochemical quality of the effluent in terms of COD, EC, absorbance and nitrite with percentages of 80%, 75% and 70%, respectively [16,28].…”

Effect of glass sand used as aggregate on micro-concrete properties

“…In previous studies, the porosity and density were shown to be effective in the evaluation of properties including the cohesion, discontinuity, and porosity of elements produced with concrete-derived materials [32,33]. For MCs produced into 16 mixtures, the porosity, density, and specific gravity were calculated through experimental methods applied according to ASTM C-642 [34] on three cubes produced for each mixture.…”