Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review

Curtis, Val; Cairncross, Sandy

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00606-6

Cited by 984 publications

(798 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, beyond access to infrastructure, it is well known that lack of latrine maintenance results in a focus for the transmission of diseases, apart from hindering a continued use (Scott et al, 2003). Personal hygiene (principally hand-washing), on the other hand, is the only protective barrier which can effectively block all faecal-oral routes of disease transmission (sanitation hardware only prevents faeces contaminating the environment; transmission via fingers is also common), and research has demonstrated that increased hand-washing significantly diminishes the incidence of diarrhoea (Curtis and Cairncross, 2003;Luby et al, 2005). For planning purposes, sanitation monitoring needs to be defined in a broad and more holistic sense (Breslin, 2010) to include, amongst others, hygiene issues.…”

Section: Sanitation and Hygiene Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that improvements in personal hygiene are of greatest likely benefit to health, and particularly handwashing with soap is one of the most effective ways to break the faecal-oral route of disease transmission (Curtis and Cairncross, 2003). An index for planning is thus proposed to assess the proportion of adults with adequate handwashing knowledge 4 .…”

Section: Sanitation and Hygiene Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

Garriga

Palencia

Foguet

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Today, a vast proportion of people still lack a simple pit latrine and a source of safe drinking water. To help end this appalling state of affairs, there is a pressing need to provide policymakers with evidences in which base effective planning, targeting and prioritization. Two major challenges often hinder this process: i) lack of reliable data to identify which areas are most in need; and ii) inadequate instruments for decision-making support.In tackling previous shortcomings, this paper proposes a monitoring framework to compile, analyse, interpret and disseminate water, sanitation and hygiene information. In an era of decentralization, where decision-making moves to local governments, we apply such framework at the local level. The ultimate goal is to develop appropriate tools for decentralized planning support. To this end, the study first implements a methodology for primary data collection, which combines the household and the waterpoint as information sources. In doing so, we provide a complete picture of the context in which domestic WASH services are delivered. Second, the collected data are analysed to underline the emerging development challenges. The use of simple planning indicators serves as the basis to i) reveal which areas require policy attention, and to ii) identify the neediest. Third, a classification process is proposed to prioritize among various populations. Three different case studies from East and Southern African countries are presented. Results indicate that accurate and comprehensive data, if adequately exploited through simple instruments, may be the basis of effective targeting and prioritization, which are central to sector planning. The application of the proposed framework in the real world, however, is to a certain extent elusive; and we point out to conclude two specific challenges that remain unaddressed, namely the upgrade of existing decisionmaking processes to enhance transparency and inclusiveness, and the development of data updating mechanisms.

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Section: Sanitation and Hygiene Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sanitation and Hygiene Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

Garriga

Palencia

Foguet

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases, the major causes of death in low-income countries, 4 especially among children under five years of age, 5 are preventable by appropriate handwashing practices. The evidence from a systematic review 6 shows that handwashing with soap can reduce the risk of diarrhoeal diseases by 42e47%, and handwashing promotion could save millions of lives. A randomized controlled trial 7 showed that handwashing with soap reduced the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age by 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handwashing behaviour among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study in five provinces

Tao

Cheng²,

Lu³

et al. 2013

Public Health

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“…Proper hand sanitation is critical during preparation, distribution, and consumption of food, whether in the home or a congregate environment, such as a dining facility (Fein, Lin, & Levy, 1995;Greig, Todd, Bartleson, & Michaels, 2007;Hedberg et al, 2006). Proper hand washing with soap and water, then drying, is a proven and effective method of hand sanitation (Curtis & Cairncross, 2003;Todd, Michaels, Greig, Smith, & Bartleson, 2009). …”

Section: Chapter 2 -Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and explaining behavioral intention and hand sanitizer use among US Army soldiers

Lin

Roberts

2017

American Journal of Infection Control

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Many pathogenic microorganisms are spread by contaminated hands and may lead to foodborne illness. The use of hand sanitizers can significantly reduce bacterial contamination and is an efficient and inexpensive method to prevent infections and sickness. Previous researchers have found that the routine use of hand sanitizers allowed the U.S. Army to significantly reduce illness. However, few studies have been conducted within a U.S. Army dining facility, which is considered to be one of the primary sources of foodborne illness within the U.S. Army. Therefore, using the Theory of Planned Behavior, the purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of control of using hand sanitizer among military personnel.The study targeted soldiers using a written survey during their lunch hour on the U.S.Army base at Fort Riley, KS. A total of 201 surveys were collected. All data were screened and entered into IBM SPSS for analysis.Results indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 64% of the variance in behavioral intention. Attitude and subjective norms were found to be significant predictors of behavioral intention, with attitude being the strongest predictor.In general, behavioral beliefs were positive among soldiers. Related to normative beliefs, soldiers did perceive negative social pressure from other soldiers not to use hand sanitizers.Analysis of control beliefs found soldiers perceived hand sanitizers were readily available, but disliked their smell and feel after application.Food production managers and Army commanders can use these results to implement hand sanitation behavioral interventions within military dining environments. Practical implications will likely translate to reduced healthcare costs, decreased absenteeism rates, and improved mission readiness.Some of the limitations include commonly perceived social psychology bias. Further, clustered samples were collected within one military installation in a relatively short amount of time.

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Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review

Cited by 984 publications

References 32 publications

Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

Improved monitoring framework for local planning in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector: From data to decision-making

Handwashing behaviour among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study in five provinces

Predicting and explaining behavioral intention and hand sanitizer use among US Army soldiers

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