Effect of warm and cold stratification on 1H-NMR profiles, endogenous gibberellins and abscisic acid in Styrax japonicus seeds

Abstract

Germination of Styrax japonicus seeds is promoted by warm stratification (WS) at 18-20°C followed by cold stratification (CS) at 4-5 . The objective of this work was to analyze the state and mobility of water molecules measured by 1 H-NMR and endogenous gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) by ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) as influenced by WS and CS treatments had not previously been investigated. Styrax seeds that received 35 days of WS (35D WS) followed by 63 days of CS (63D CS) (35D WS + 63D CS) germinated. Seeds that received only 35D WS failed to germinate. Endogenous GA1, GA8, GA19, GA20, and GA53 were identified as well as GA17, GA23, GA28, GA29, and GA97 by gas chromatography/MS (GC/MS) and UPLC-MS/MS in seeds that were treated with warm and cold stratification (WS + CS). This suggests that the early C-13 hydroxylation pathway [-GA53-(GA44)-GA19-GA20-GA1-GA8] of GAs is a major biosynthetic pathway in the seeds. The concentration of GA53 and GA19 increased following WS and that of GA53 increased after WS + CS. The concentration of GA19 increased only slightly after WS + CS. The concentration of GA1 increased only after WS + CS. ABA concentration significantly decreased following the WS treatment. It is concluded that the mobility of water molecules and water content in cotyledons and endosperm is increased following WS + CS treatments. The occurrence of C-13 hydroxylated GAs suggests that the early C-13 hydroxylation pathway, GA53 GA44 GA19 GA20 GA1 GA8, is a major biosynthetic pathway in Styrax seeds.Additional key words: gibberellin metabolism, mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), ultra performance liquid chromatography, water mobility Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52(3):233-239. 2011.

De Novo Transcriptomic Analysis and Development of EST–SSRs for Styrax japonicus

“…Despite its importance, limited basic bioinformatics data on S. japonicus are accessible. Previous studies on this species mainly focused on seed germination [2,3] and tissue culture [4]. However, little has been reported about the bioinformatics information.…”

Effect of warm and cold stratification, and ethanol treatment on germination of Corylopsis seeds

“…treatment duration must be determined. Dormancy is broken following WS and/or CS in many woody plants, including Styrax japonicus (Young, Young 1992;Roh et al 2004Roh et al , 2011. Without CS, low percentage of C. coreana seeds germinated at 18.5°C/18°C (day/night) (Roh et al 2008).…”

“…Soaking seeds in EtOH solution may cause leaching ABA from seeds, resulting in increased germination. In Styrax japonicus, ABA concentration was significantly decreased following WS (Horimoto et al 2011). …”

Breaking Physical Dormancy of the Laburnum anagyroides Seeds by in vivo and in vitro Conditions

“…Тепловая предобработка может запускать химические процессы, приводящие к измене-нию состава и концентрации физиологически активных веществ. Так, Т. Horimoto et al [20] показали, что в семенах Styrax japonicus после высокотемпературного воздействия увели-чивается общее количество (GA 1, GA 19, GA 53 ) и концентрации эндогенных гиберелловых кислот, стимулирующих ростовые процессы, и снижается концентрация абсцизовой кислоты, которая ингибирует рост и развитие.…”