Effect of W/Co co-substitution on structural, microstructural, magnetic and electrical properties of Bi4NdFeTi3O15 aurivillius compound

Correlation of Structural, Microstructural, Dielectric, and Impedance Properties in Nd Doping on Bi4Ti2FeO12 Multiferroic Aurivillius Ceramic

“…For optical materials, the energy bandgap was determined using the general relation between absorption coefficient α = and energy E = hν used by the modified Tauc's relation given in the following where α , E , C , and E g are the absorption coefficient, photon energy, proportionality constant, and energy bandgap, respectively. [ 21,32,35 ]…”

“…The rationalization of narrow bandgap with an increment of Nd 3+ dopant in BFTO ceramics can be explained as a consequence of the rearrangement of molecular orbitals and induced distortion in (Ti,Fe)O 6 octahedra. [ 20,21,26,32 ]…”

“…where α, E, C, and E g are the absorption coefficient, photon energy, proportionality constant, and energy bandgap, respectively. [21,32,35] Based on the power factor n, that is, n ¼ 1/2 or 2, it could decide as indirect-or direct-energy bandgap materials. Considering the aforementioned equation, the obtained experimental data were plotted in linear relation in the form of 1) absorption coefficient (α) versus wavelength (λ) and 2) (αhν) 2 vs E as shown in Figure 4a,b.…”

“…[18][19][20] To overcome the aforementioned constraints, it has been reported that doping at the Bi site by rare earth elements such as La 3þ , Sm 3þ , and Nd 3þ ions at Bi 3þ -ion sites leads to improved ferroelectric properties. [21,22] Further, strong magnetic behavior has been investigated widely by substituting magnetic ions Fe/Cr/Mn and Ni at Fe or Ti sites in several Aurivillius compounds with different layer numbers "n". [21][22][23][23][24][25][26] Furthermore, most of the studies have been focused on static magnetic and ferroelectric studies.…”

“…[21,22] Further, strong magnetic behavior has been investigated widely by substituting magnetic ions Fe/Cr/Mn and Ni at Fe or Ti sites in several Aurivillius compounds with different layer numbers "n". [21][22][23][23][24][25][26] Furthermore, most of the studies have been focused on static magnetic and ferroelectric studies. There are limited studies on dielectric, impedance, conductivity, and the modulus of codoped BIT systems along with multiferroic character.…”