Effect of Volitional Inhibition on Cortical Inhibitory Mechanisms

Sohn, Young H.; Wiltz, Katy; Hallett, Mark

doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.1.333

Cited by 123 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast, the StopInhibit trials show a peak activation that is delayed by 2 s, as if the inhibition emerged in time to prevent activation from reaching a critical (response) threshold at a critical time. This finding provides blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) evidence consistent with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies showing that volitional response inhibition increases intracortical (GABAergic) inhibition in the motor cortex region (Sohn et al, 2002).…”

Section: Experiments 1: Whole-brain Analysessupporting

confidence: 80%

Cortical and Subcortical Contributions to Stop Signal Response Inhibition: Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus

2006

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Suppressing an already initiated manual response depends critically on the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC), yet it is unclear how this inhibitory function is implemented in the motor system. It has been suggested that the subthalamic nucleus (STN), which is a part of the basal ganglia, may play a role because it is well placed to suppress the "direct" fronto-striatal pathway that is activated by response initiation. In two experiments, we investigated this hypothesis with functional magnetic resonance imaging and a Stop-signal task. Subjects responded to Go signals and attempted to inhibit the initiated response to occasional Stop signals. In experiment 1, Going significantly activated frontal, striatal, pallidal, and motor cortical regions, consistent with the direct pathway, whereas Stopping significantly activated right IFC and STN. In addition, Stopping-related activation was significantly greater for fast inhibitors than slow ones in both IFC and STN, and activity in these regions was correlated across subjects. In experiment 2, high-resolution functional and structural imaging confirmed the location of Stopping activation within the vicinity of the STN. We propose that the role of the STN is to suppress thalamocortical output, thereby blocking Go response execution. These results provide convergent data for a role for the STN in Stopsignal response inhibition. They also suggest that the speed of Go and Stop processes could relate to the relative activation of different neural pathways. Future research is required to establish whether Stop-signal inhibition could be implemented via a direct functional neuroanatomic projection between IFC and STN (a "hyperdirect" pathway).

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Section: Experiments 1: Whole-brain Analysessupporting

confidence: 80%

Cortical and Subcortical Contributions to Stop Signal Response Inhibition: Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus

2006

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“…Given that the instruction to our subjects was to avoid contracting the left resting arm (see Materials and Methods), it would be theoretically possible that the reduction in SICI might be related to "volitional inhibition" (i.e., to the intent to suppress unwanted voluntary movements in the resting arm) (Waldvogel et al, 2000). However, such interpretation seems unlikely because volitional inhibition results in increases in SICI and suppression of corticospinal excitability, opposite to our results (Waldvogel et al, 2000;Sohn et al, 2002;Coxon et al, 2006).…”

Section: Sicicontrasting

confidence: 60%

Mechanisms Underlying Functional Changes in the Primary Motor Cortex Ipsilateral to an Active Hand

Pérez¹,

Cohen²

2008

J. Neurosci.

245

256

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Performance of a unimanual hand motor task results in functional changes in both primary motor cortices (M1 ipsilateral and M1 contralateral ). The neuronal mechanisms controlling the corticospinal output originated in M1 ipsilateral and the resting hand during a unimanual task remain unclear. Here, we assessed functional changes within M1 ipsilateral and in interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) associated with parametric increases in unimanual force. We measured motor-evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curves (RCs) and shortinterval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in M1 ipsilateral , IHI from M1 contralateral to M1 ipsilateral , and the influence of IHI over SICI using transcranial magnetic stimulation at rest and during 10, 30, and 70% of maximal right wrist flexion force. EMG from the left resting flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle was comparable across conditions. Left FCR MEP RCs increased, and SICI decreased with increasing right wrist force. Activity-dependent (rest and 10, 30, and 70%) left FCR maximal MEP size correlated with absolute changes in SICI. IHI decreased with increasing force at matched conditioned MEP amplitudes. IHI and SICI were inversely correlated at increasing forces. In the presence of IHI, SICI decreased at rest and 70% force. In summary, we found activity-dependent changes in (1) SICI in M1 ipsilateral , (2) IHI from M1 contralateral to M1 ipsilateral , and (3) the influence of IHI over SICI in the left resting hand during force generation by the right hand. Our findings indicate that interactions between GABAergic intracortical circuits mediating SICI and interhemispheric glutamatergic projections between M1s contribute to control activity-dependent changes in corticospinal output to a resting hand during force generation by the opposite hand.

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“…However, similar to SICI, LICI decreases with voluntary contraction of the target muscle [18] . Another study examined the effect of volitional inhibition and found that LICI was decreased during motor task performance [19] illustrating that this circuit can be modulated by voluntary activity. Furthermore, vibrotactile stimulation of a muscle suppresses LICI within that muscle and increases it in surrounding muscles [20] .…”

Section: Role Of Intracortical Inhibition In Human Motor Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data suggest that LICI may also impact movement selection and modify motor behavior. Thus, despite the paucity of literature, it appears that the LICI circuit also plays a role in regulating motor output to the muscles during motor tasks [19] .…”

Section: Role Of Intracortical Inhibition In Human Motor Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between intracortical inhibition and motor behavior; implications for incomplete spinal cord injury

Fassett

Nelson

2016

Neurotransmitter

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The sensorimotor cortices of the human brain contain intracortical inhibitory circuits that influence the neural output to muscles. Intracortical circuits of short and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) can be probed using paired-pulse TMS paradigms while recording activity from the muscles. We recently identified changes in SICI and LICI within the motor cortex in individuals with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Decreases in the range of intensities eliciting SICI recruitment were observed without a difference in the depth of SICI. Active LICI was increased at higher conditioning intensities relative to controls. These changes may be linked to plastic and physiological changes of GABAergic cortical systems with SCI. Here we discuss the role of SICI and LICI in motor behavior and how the observed changes in these measures that follow SCI may explain motor impairments seen in this population. Keywords

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Effect of Volitional Inhibition on Cortical Inhibitory Mechanisms

Cited by 123 publications

References 26 publications

Cortical and Subcortical Contributions to Stop Signal Response Inhibition: Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Cortical and Subcortical Contributions to Stop Signal Response Inhibition: Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Mechanisms Underlying Functional Changes in the Primary Motor Cortex Ipsilateral to an Active Hand

Relationship between intracortical inhibition and motor behavior; implications for incomplete spinal cord injury

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