Effect of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Chrysanthemum indicum Linné on Blood Pressure and Electroencephalogram

Abstract

This study identified the volatile organic compounds in the essential oils that are extracted from Chrysanthemum indicum Linné (C. indicum Linné) and investigated the effects of the inhalation of these compounds. We detected a total of 41 volatile organic compounds, including 32 hydrocarbons, four acids, three alcohols, two ketones, and one aldehyde. In a sniffing test, seven types of volatile organic compounds were identified. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds in C. indicum Linné that were identified were found to be derived from 1,8-cineole and camphor. After inhalation of the essential oils, the subjects’ systolic blood pressure and heart rate decreased. This indicates that inhalation of the essential oils extracted from C. indicum Linné provides mental and physical relaxation. We examined the changes in electroencephalogram findings that are observed after C. indicum Linné essential oil inhalation. An increase in theta and alpha waves, which usually appear during relaxation, as well as a decrease in beta and gamma waves, which appear during brain activity such as excessive attention, were noted. These results indicate that C. indicum Linné essential oil inhalation helps to reduce blood pressure and may provide mental and physical relaxation.

Inhalation of Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Essential Oil Improved Metabolic Parameters in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats

“…The previously described reduced levels of SBP and DBP in the groups with PEO inhalation may be attributed to an improvement in leptin resistance and the reduced levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol that consequently lowered the risk of cardiovascular diseases, with a hypotensive effect [ 31 , 41 ]. In the human clinical trial conducted by Kim et al [ 19 ], the inhalation of Chrysanthemum indicum L. odor led to reduced activity of sympathetic nerves but increased activity of parasympathetic nerves, which coincided with the results of reduced SBP and DBP levels.…”

“…The aromatic compounds in each sample were expressed in the relative ratio (%) of their respective peak area by converting the peak area to percentage based on the total peak area as 100%.The olfactory detector port (ODP) was used to examine the characteristics of each separated aromatic compound sensed by the human olfactory organ. Concertedly, the retention time and intensity of odor were measured and recorded using a sensor that divides the intensity into four levels [ 19 ].…”

Effects of Tangerine Essential Oil on Brain Waves, Moods, and Sleep Onset Latency

“…By contrast, only frontal is detected in the present study [ 17 ]. In the case of mid beta wave of 15–20 Hz with high significance in active thinking and high alertness, Kim M. has shown that mid beta wave was increased during inhalation of (+)-α-pinene and terpinolene, which is correlated to decreased mid beta, indicating relaxation and reducing stress [ 15 , 18 ]. In addition, the effect of essential oil of Inula helenium root decreases the mid beta but only in the parietal region [ 19 ].…”

“…Moreover, the present study showed an emotional state after inhalation of the undiluted oil, which happens in the same way as brain wave power. The visual analog score of orchid oil inhalation also showed higher scores in elegance and freshness [ 18 ].…”

Comprehensive changes in volatile/nonvolatile compounds and flavor and physicochemical characteristics inAngelica gigasNakai roots by thermal processing

“…Solid‐phase microextraction (SPME, Supelco Co., Bellafonte, PA, USA) was used to collect the volatile compounds of A. gigas Nakai upon roasting. Volatile compound extraction was adapted from Kim, Goo et al () with a slight modification. The sample, 3 g, and a magnetic bar were placed in a glass vial and tightly sealed with a silicon/teflon septum.…”