Effect of Vitamins A and E on Nitric Oxide Production by Blood Mononuclear Leukocytes from Neonatal Calves Fed Milk Replacer

Rajaraman, V.; Nonnecke, Brian J.; Franklin, S.T.; Hammell, Dana C.; Horst, Ronald L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75892-8

Cited by 114 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Globulin levels were determined by direct subtraction of the albumin values from the total protein values (Coles 1974). Serum lysozyme, nitric oxide, and serum bactericidal activity were also determined by using published methods (Ellis 1990;Kajita et al 1990;Rajaraman et al 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta‐Glucans and Mannan Oligosaccharides Enhance Growth and Immunity in Nile Tilapia

Selim

Reda

2014

N American J Aquac

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We studied the effects of a combination of dietary beta‐glucans (β‐G) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Three‐hundred‐sixty fingerlings (mean mass ± SD = 8.7 ± 0.4 g) were separated into three groups (G1, G2, and G3) of 120 fish; G1 (control group) was fed a basal diet, whereas G2 and G3 were fed prebiotic‐supplemented diets at final levels of 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg feed, respectively. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup A was fed for 60 d to evaluate growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphometry, and body composition; and subgroup B was fed for 30 d to evaluate immune status and disease resistance. The best growth and feed utilization were observed in G3. There was no significant difference in final body weight or weight gain between G2 and G1 after 30 d, whereas both variables were significantly higher in G2 than in G1 after 60 d. At the end of the feeding period, G2 had a better feed conversion ratio than G1. Villus height, number of goblet cells, and number of intraepithelial lymphocytes were greatest in G3, followed by G2 and then G1. Whole‐body protein content and fat content were higher in G3 than in G2 and G1. Only G3 had significantly higher serum total protein, albumin, and globulin than G1. Serum killing percentage and phagocytic activity were significantly higher in G3 than in G1 and G2, whereas serum lysozyme activity was significantly higher in G3 and G2 than in G1. The nitric oxide assay indicated a significant effect in G3 compared with G1 after 30 d. Fish that were fed the prebiotic mixture had better relative percent survival than G1 fish after challenge with Yersinia ruckeri. Dietary supplementation with β‐G and MOS in combination improves the performance of Nile Tilapia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta‐Glucans and Mannan Oligosaccharides Enhance Growth and Immunity in Nile Tilapia

Selim

Reda

2014

N American J Aquac

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“…The amount of nitrite, the stable oxidation product of nitric oxide (NO), within culture supernatants is a correlate of the amount of NO produced by cells in culture. Nitrite was measured using the Griess reaction assay (35), performed in 96-well microtiter plates (Immunolon 2; Dynatech Laboratories, Inc., Chantilly, VA). Culture supernatant (100 l) was mixed with 100 l of Griess reagent (0.5% sulfanilamide; Sigma) in 2.5% phosphoric acid (Mallinckrodt Chemicals, Inc., Paris, Kentucky) and 0.05% N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (Sigma).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium kansasii

Waters

Palmer

Thacker

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the M. tuberculosis complex, has a wide host range, is infectious to humans, and is the most common cause of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle. The presence of wildlife reservoirs (e.g., various deer species in the United Kingdom and the United States, the Eurasian badger in the United Kingdom, and brush-tailed possums in New Zealand) hinder efforts to eradicate TB within cattle and captive deer herds in developed countries. In Africa, bovine TB is rapidly spreading through Cape buffalo populations as well as other hoofstock, nonhuman primates, and various mammalian predators (23). Most notably, up to 90% of lions in areas of TB endemicity are M. bovis infected, likely due to infection rate amplification from predation on infected prey. In humans, recent TB outbreaks in several U.S. cities are linked with the ingestion of M. bovis-infected, nonpasteurized cheese from Mexico (47). Regardless of the host, the implications of TB diagnosis include regulatory action, public health concerns, movement restriction, isolation of affected individuals, and serious health issues, thus emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis. The tests most widely used for the detection of TB in humans and cattle include the measurement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (i.e., skin testing) to purified protein derivative (PPD) and an in vitro assay for gamma interferon (IFN-␥) concentrations produced in response to PPD stimulation (Quantiferon; Cellestis, Inc., Valencia, Calif.; and Bovigam; Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, Mich.). A major limitation of PPD-based tests is cross-reactivity due to responses induced upon exposure to related bacteria, principally other nontuberculous "environmental" mycobacteria.Mycobacterium kansasii is not included in the M. tuberculosis complex, yet it may cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals, albeit infrequently, that is indistinguishable clinically from M. tuberculosis infection (2,3,14,15). A culture positive for M. kansasii from humans is not indicative of disease, as the organism may be isolated from healthy individuals, and human-to-human transmission is not documented (1). A relatively high rate of human infection has been reported in certain locales within the United States, central Europe, southeast United Kingdom, and southern part of The Netherlands, potentially associated with heavy air pollution (1, 2). As with humans, M. kansasii infection of cattle is exceedingly rare and often associated with lesions of the respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes, diagnosed postmortem (B. Harris, personal observations). Disease management of M. k...

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“…The amount of nitrite, the stable oxidation product of nitric oxide (NO), in culture supernatants is a correlate of the amount of NO produced by cells in culture. Nitrite was measured using the Griess reaction (13) performed in 96-well microtiter plates (Immunolon 2; Dynatech Laboratories, Inc., Chantilly, Va.). Culture supernatant (100 l) was mixed with 100 l of Griess reagent (0.5% sulfanilamide; Sigma) in 2.5% phosphoric acid (Mallinckrodt Chemicals, Inc., Paris, Ky.) and 0.05% N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (Sigma).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 Fusion Protein for Differentiation of Infections of Cattle by Mycobacterium bovis and by M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Waters

Nonnecke

Palmer

et al. 2004

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Immunological diagnosis ofMycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, has a wide host range compared to those of other species in this disease complex, is infectious to humans, and is the species most often isolated from tuberculous cattle. Control of M. bovis in cattle is particularly difficult due to the presence of wildlife reservoirs, such as white-tailed deer, European badgers, and brush-tailed possums. Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of M. bovis infection in the United States. Detection of tuberculous cattle in Michigan, California, Texas, and New Mexico has resulted in the loss of the tuberculosis (TB)-free designation for these states (or portions thereof) and subsequent economic losses from increased TB testing costs and hindrances of interstate shipment of livestock from these zones. The demand for improved diagnostic capabilities is again being realized and emphasized with the increased TB testing in the United States. Tests currently approved for the detection of bovine TB include measurement of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (i.e., skin testing) to purified protein derivative (PPD) antigens and an in vitro assay for gamma interferon (IFN-␥) produced in response to PPD stimulation (i.e., Bovigam; Biocor Animal Health, Omaha, Nebr.). A major limitation of these tests is the cross-reactivity of M. bovis PPD (PPDb) with responses induced by exposure to related bacteria, especially Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (referred to hereafter as M. avium) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.Early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) are IFN-␥-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria. ESAT-6 and CFP-10 are cosecreted proteins that naturally form a tight 1:1 complex upon export (14). Genes for these proteins are absent in many environmental, nontuberculous mycobacteria as well as in the TB vaccine

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Effect of Vitamins A and E on Nitric Oxide Production by Blood Mononuclear Leukocytes from Neonatal Calves Fed Milk Replacer

Cited by 114 publications

References 27 publications

Beta‐Glucans and Mannan Oligosaccharides Enhance Growth and Immunity in Nile Tilapia

Beta‐Glucans and Mannan Oligosaccharides Enhance Growth and Immunity in Nile Tilapia

Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium kansasii

Use of Recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 Fusion Protein for Differentiation of Infections of Cattle by Mycobacterium bovis and by M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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