Effect of Vitamin E in Coronary Heart Disease

Vogelsang, A; Shute, Evan

doi:10.1038/157772b0

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In 1936, Evans et al [5] isolated vitamin E from wheat germ oil, and Karrer et al [6] synthesized α-tocopherol in 1938. It was first reported to have therapeutic effects in patients with cardiovascular disease by Vogelsang and Shute in 1946 [7]. A relationship between vitamin E deficiency and neurological dysfunction was identified by Binder et al in 1967 in case studies of steatorrhea [8].…”

Section: Introduction To Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E Nicotinate

Duncan

Suzuki

2017

Antioxidants

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Vitamin E refers to a family of compounds that function as lipid-soluble antioxidants capable of preventing lipid peroxidation. Naturally occurring forms of vitamin E include tocopherols and tocotrienols. Vitamin E in dietary supplements and fortified foods is often an esterified form of α-tocopherol, the most common esters being acetate and succinate. The vitamin E esters are hydrolyzed and converted into free α-tocopherol prior to absorption in the intestinal tract. Because its functions are relevant to many chronic diseases, vitamin E has been extensively studied in respect to a variety of diseases as well as cosmetic applications. The forms of vitamin E most studied are natural α-tocopherol and the esters α-tocopheryl acetate and α-tocopheryl succinate. A small number of studies include or focus on another ester form, α-tocopheryl nicotinate, an ester of vitamin E and niacin. Some of these studies raise the possibility of differences in metabolism and in efficacy between vitamin E nicotinate and other forms of vitamin E. Recently, through metabolomics studies, we identified that α-tocopheryl nicotinate occurs endogenously in the heart and that its level is dramatically decreased in heart failure, indicating the possible biological importance of this vitamin E ester. Since knowledge about vitamin E nicotinate is not readily available in the literature, the purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate published reports, specifically with respect to α-tocopheryl nicotinate with an emphasis on the differences from natural α-tocopherol or α-tocopheryl acetate.

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Section: Introduction To Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E Nicotinate

Duncan

Suzuki

2017

Antioxidants

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“…Vitamin C is considered by some researchers [210][211] to be the most effective aqueous-phase antioxidant in human blood and a potent antioxidant for protection against diseases and degenerative processes caused by oxidant stress. Also, for more than 50 years, vitamin E has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for improving cardiovascular status [212]. The idea that antioxidants could act as antihypertensive agents was suggested by studies in SHR that demonstrated that an antioxidant cocktail (vitamins E and C, selenium, and zinc) ameliorates hypertension [152].…”

Section: Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress In Hypertension

Escobales

Crespo²

2005

CVP

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in the vasculature. However, when there is imbalance between their occurrence and antioxidant defense mechanisms, ROS can contribute to the vascular abnormalities that lead to hypertension. Evidence accumulated in the last decade strongly supports the notion that ROS are generated in the vasculature mainly by NAD(P)H oxidase in a mechanism that is angiotensin II-dependent. Activation of this enzyme leads to superoxide production and uncouples endothedial NO synthase (eNOS), which sustains oxidative stress while increasing the levels of tissue-damaging peroxynitrite. The latter can result in vascular dysfunction. NAD(P)H-dependent ROS formation, in particular H(2)O(2), could also contribute to vascular injury by sustaining NAD(P)H oxidase activation, promoting inflammatory gene expression, extracellular matrix reorganization, and growth (hypertrophy/hyperplasia) of vascular smooth muscle cells. The effect of ROS appears to be mediated by redox-sensitive targets such as tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transcription factors, matrix metalloproteinases, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1, Ca(2+) signaling mechanisms and secreted factors such as cyclophilin A and heat shock protein 90-alpha. Redox-sensitive targets appear to play a central role in normal vascular function, but can also lead to remodeling of the vascular wall, increasing vascular reactivity and hypertension. Polymorphisms in the p22phox gene promoter could determine susceptibility to NAD(P)H-mediated oxidative stress in humans and animals with hypertension. Although ROS are strongly implicated in the etiology of hypertension, clinical trials with antioxidants are inconclusive regarding their effectiveness in treating the disease. New drugs with both antihypertensive action and antioxidant properties (Celiprolol, Carvedilol) offer promising results in the management of hypertension.

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“…Efficacy of vitamin E supplements in angina pectoris was suggested over 50 years ago by Vogelsang and Shute,8 but their contemporaries failed to confirm the findings. Emergence of the oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis has reawakened interest in the role of antioxidants in patients with coronary heart disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplements on symptoms, progression, and prognosis of angina pectoris

Rapola

Virtamo

Ripatti

et al. 1998

Heart

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Objective-To evaluate the eVects of tocopherol and carotene supplements on recurrence and progression of angina symptoms, and incidence of major coronary events in men with angina pectoris. Design-Placebo controlled clinical trial. Setting-The Finnish tocopherol carotene cancer prevention study primarily undertaken to examine the eVects of tocopherol and carotene on cancer. Subjects-Male smokers aged 50-69 years who had angina pectoris in the Rose chest pain questionnaire at baseline (n = 1795). Interventions-tocopherol (vitamin E) 50 mg/day, carotene 20 mg/day or both, or placebo in 2 × 2 factorial design. Main outcome measures-Recurrence of angina pectoris at annual follow up visits when the questionnaire was readministered; progression from mild to severe angina; incidence of major coronary events (non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease). Results-There were 2513 recurrences of angina pectoris during follow up (median 4 years). Compared to placebo, the odds ratios for recurrence in the active treatment groups were: tocopherol only 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85 to 1.33), tocopherol and carotene 1.02 (0.82 to 1.27), carotene only 1.06 (0.84 to 1.33). There were no significant diVerences in progression to severe angina among the groups given supplements or placebo. Altogether 314 major coronary events were observed during follow up (median 5.5 years) and the risk for them did not diVer significantly among the groups given supplements or placebo. Conclusions-There was no evidence of beneficial eVects for tocopherol or carotene supplements in male smokers with angina pectoris, indicating no basis for therapeutic or preventive use of these agents in such patients. (Heart 1998;79:454-458)

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Effect of Vitamin E in Coronary Heart Disease

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Vitamin E Nicotinate

Vitamin E Nicotinate

Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress In Hypertension

Effects of alpha tocopherol and beta carotene supplements on symptoms, progression, and prognosis of angina pectoris

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