Effect of virus infection on symplastic transport of fluorescent tracers in Nicotiana clevelandii leaf epidermis

Derrick, P. M.; Barker, H. A.; Oparka, Karl J.

doi:10.1007/bf00193010

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Surprisingly, we found that SA treatment alone could, to a limited extent, actually increase the SEL of PD linking tobacco epidermal cells (Table II). The basal SEL of tobacco epidermal cell PD has been reported to be 1 kD or less (Derrick et al, 1990), but we found, in line with the data of Poirson et al (1993), that PD of tobacco epidermal cells frequently permitted the passage of a 3-kD dextran (Table II; movement occurred in 52% of impalements). Furthermore, SA treatment caused the cell-to-cell movement of 3-kD dextran in almost all injections (Table II; movement occurred in 93% of impalements).…”

Section: Sa Does Not Inhibit Pd Gatingsupporting

confidence: 89%

Salicylic Acid Has Cell-Specific Effects on Tobacco mosaic virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement

2002

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Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to probe the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the cell biology of viral infection. Treatment of tobacco with SA restricted TMV.GFP to single-epidermal cell infection sites for at least 6 d post inoculation but did not affect infection sites of Cucumber mosaic virus expressing GFP. Microinjection experiments, using size-specific dextrans, showed that SA cannot inhibit TMV movement by decreasing the plasmodesmatal size exclusion limit. In SA-treated transgenic plants expressing TMV movement protein, TMV.GFP infection sites were larger, but they still consisted overwhelmingly of epidermal cells. TMV replication was strongly inhibited in mesophyll protoplasts isolated from SA-treated nontransgenic tobacco plants. Therefore, it appears that SA has distinct cell type-specific effects on virus replication and movement in the mesophyll and epidermal cell layers, respectively. Thus, SA can have fundamentally different effects on the same pathogen in different cell types.Salicylic acid (SA) is a component of the signal transduction pathway needed for induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a plant-wide enhancement of resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens (Dempsey et al., 1999;Murphy et al., 1999). The trigger for SA synthesis and induction of SAR is the recognition of an invading microorganism by the product of a resistance gene (Baker et al., 1997). Often, this recognition is accompanied by the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of rapid programmed host cell death in a region around the point of pathogen entry (Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996). Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants that possess the N gene (Whitham et al., 1994) are resistant to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and exhibit the HR after inoculation with that virus. The HR is followed by an increase in SA (Malamy et al., 1990) and induction of SAR throughout the plant (Ross, 1961a(Ross, , 1961b. In these plants, the TMV is localized to the vicinity of the necrotic lesions. However, the tissue necrosis that occurs is not the sole cause of virus localization. For example, studies with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged TMV (TMV.GFP) have shown that live cells around the HR contain TMV for significant periods of time after lesion formation (Wright et al., 2000;Murphy et al., 2001). This indicates that processes other than cell death are limiting virus spread. In addition, NN-genotype transgenic tobacco plants, which have been transformed with a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase gene and, therefore, cannot accumulate SA, do not limit virus spread. Although the cells of these plants can still undergo HR-type cell death, the plants exhibit a spreading necrosis after TMV inoculation (Mur et al., 1997; Darby et al., 2000), showing that SA accumulation is required to localize TMV. Additionally, treatment of susceptible tobacco with aspirin (acetyl-SA) or SA caused a profound reduction in accumulation of TMV in the absence of any macroscopic cell...

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Section: Sa Does Not Inhibit Pd Gatingsupporting

confidence: 89%

Salicylic Acid Has Cell-Specific Effects on Tobacco mosaic virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement

2002

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“…Plasmodesmata are dynamic, gatable channels that traverse the cell wall, providing a means for intercellular communication. Fluorescent tracers up to only Mr 1000 move symplastically in dye-coupling experiments (Erwee & Goodwin, 1985;Derrick et al, 1990). Wolf et al (1989) reported the same result concerning the gating capacity of tobacco plasmodesmata, suggesting an effective pore diameter of 0.73 nm.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

“…As the M r of the cascade blue allows it to diffuse freely through plasmodesmata (Derrick et al, 1990), no movement of this dye was recorded after vacuolar injection (about 30 % of the total number of injections) and the result was then discounted. At least six to nine cytoplasmic injections were made for each plant.…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein expressed in transgenic plants on the permeability of plasmodesmata

Poirson

Giovane²,

Berna³

et al. 1993

Journal of General Virology

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“…In Nicotiniana clevelandii (Gray) we have shown previously that the molecular exclusion limit of plasmodesmata is approximately 750 Da (Derrick et al, 1990). It is possible that the desmotubule itself functions as the hypothetical 'valve' postulated by Barclay and Fensom (1 984).…”

Section: Pressure Clamp Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Direct evidence for pressure‐generated closure of plasmodesmata

Oparka¹,

Prior²

1992

The Plant Journal

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188

114

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Pressure differentials were generated between adjacent leaf trichome cells of Nicotiana clevelandii using a modified micropressure probe/injection system. The location of the pressure differentials was altered using two main treatments: (a) puncturing one of the cells in the trichome to induce a large differential at its junction with the next basal cell, or (b) raising the pressure of the impaled cell and ‘clamping’ it at a higher value, thus creating a differential at its upper, as well as lower, wall. In both treatments basipetal intercellular transport of Lucifer yellow was impeded exactly at the sites predicted by the generated pressure differentials; at the base of punctured cells and at the top of clamped cells. In flaccid trichomes puncturing was without effect because the turgor of all the cells in the trichome was too low (<50 kPa) to generate a sufficiently large pressure differential between the punctured cell and its neighbours. Elevations of cell turgor (ΔP) in excess of 200 kPa or more were required to impede intercellular transport When cells were clamped at a high pressure and then subsequently allowed to lose their turgor by withdrawal of the probe the effects of the original pressure clamp were partially retained, indicating an inability to resume intercellular transport.

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Effect of virus infection on symplastic transport of fluorescent tracers in Nicotiana clevelandii leaf epidermis

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Salicylic Acid Has Cell-Specific Effects on Tobacco mosaic virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement

Salicylic Acid Has Cell-Specific Effects on Tobacco mosaic virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement

Effect of the alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein expressed in transgenic plants on the permeability of plasmodesmata

Direct evidence for pressure‐generated closure of plasmodesmata

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