Effect of vinylene carbonate (VC) as electrolyte additive on electrochemical performance of Si film anode for lithium ion batteries

Chen, Libao; Wang, Ke; Xie, Xiaohua; Xie, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.149

Cited by 381 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The FEC has been reported to generate a more stable SEI on the surface of the silicon electrode which suppresses further electrolyte decomposition. [24][25][26] Since expansion of the silicon electrode during lithiation results in a large change in surface area, electrolyte decomposition continues to occur on the newly exposed surface of silicon and the coulombic efficiency is poor. However, the FEC derived SEI layers have better passivation ability and lower resistance resulting in an improved coulombic efficiency ( Figure 5, inset).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity Fading Mechanisms of Silicon Nanoparticle Negative Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Yoon

Nguyen

Seo

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

124

126

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A thorough analysis of the evolution of the voltage profiles of silicon nanoparticle electrodes upon cycling has been conducted. The largest changes to the voltage profiles occur at the earlier stages (> 0.16 V vs Li/Li + ) of lithiation of the silicon nanoparticles. The changes in the voltage profiles suggest that the predominant failure mechanism of the silicon electrode is related to incomplete delithiation of the silicon electrode during cycling. The incomplete delithiation is attributed to resistance increases during delithiation, which are predominantly contact and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) resistance. The capacity retention can be significantly improved by lowering delithiation cutoff voltage or by introducing electrolyte additives, which generate a superior SEI. The improved capacity retention is attributed to the reduction of the contact and SEI resistance. Due to increasing demands for lithium ion batteries with higher energy density, several electrode materials capable of improving lithium ion capacity have been investigated. Among them, silicon has been steadily highlighted as one of the most promising materials for negative electrodes due to excellent electrochemical properties; large theoretical specific capacity and low working potential.1 While these properties make silicon an interesting electrode material with promise to bring innovation to energy storage devices, other electrochemical behavior such as cycling performance, coulombic efficiency, and capacity retention are insufficient for commercial batteries. In the context of improving the cycling behavior of silicon electrodes, the mechanism of capacity fade has been investigated extensively. Most reported failure mechanisms are based on problems associated with the large volume change which the silicon particle experiences during lithiation and delithiation. The repeated volume expansion/contraction results in cracking or pulverization of the silicon particles during prolonged cycling.1,3-5 Furthermore, it has been reported that volume contraction of silicon particles upon delithiation is accompanied by loss of electric conductivity of the electrode layer since the contracted silicon particles are poorly connected with surrounding conductive carbon additives and current collector.6,7 The failure of the SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) on the silicon electrode, is another key factor for electrochemical reversibility of lithium ion batteries. The SEI layer does not have mechanical tolerance to endure the large volumetric changes during expansion/contraction of the silicon surface. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] As a result, the electrolyte decomposes continuously to cover newly exposed surface and increase the thickness of the SEI. In addition to the problems due to the large volume changes, low conductivity of silicon and structural stress owing to phase transformation have also been reported to contribute to capacity fading. 15,16 The widespread approach to overcome the aforementioned failures of volume change is to employ nano-structu...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity Fading Mechanisms of Silicon Nanoparticle Negative Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Yoon

Nguyen

Seo

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

124

126

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“…18 On the other hand, SEI-forming electrolyte additives such as vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) are known to alter the composition and properties of the SEI on Si and improve the electrode electrochemical performance. [19][20][21] Interestingly, recent model studies on Sn single crystal electrodes in organic carbonate electrolytes revealed a strong correlation between the crystal surface orientation and the SEI composition.…”

Section: -12mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of SEI Formation on a Single Crystal Si(100) Electrode

Vogl

Lux

Crumlin

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A fundamental study of interfacial phenomena on a Si(100) single crystal electrode in organic carbonate-based electrolytes was carried out. The SEI formation on the Si(100) single crystal electrode was investigated as a function of the electrolyte composition, electrode potential and Li x Si lithiation degree. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) studies of the SEI layer during early stages of SEI formation indicate a strong dependence of the SEI composition on the electrolyte composition. However, the influence of the electrolyte composition becomes negligible at low potentials, when lithium alloys with Si and forms amorphous Li Currently, graphite is the most common negative electrode material in commercial lithium ion batteries for portable electronics. [1][2][3] However, lithium ion batteries for large-scale transportation applications require new inexpensive electrode materials with higher specific capacity. For decades, silicon has been considered as a promising negative electrode material, mainly because of its high specific capacity of ca. 3500 mAh/g 4 and its abundance in the earth crust. [4][5][6] The key problems that prevent its widespread use are large, up to ∼300 % volumetric changes during lithiation/delithiation processes and interfacial instability of lithium silicides in organic solvent based electrolytes. 6-12The resultant poor electrochemical cycling performance and large irreversible capacities during formation and operation of the Si negative electrode contribute to rapid degradation and failure of the battery. 6,7,13 The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which forms at the electrode/electrolyte interface during the initial charge/discharge cycles, is the key component that determines the long-term stability and cycling behavior of carbonaceous and intermetallic negative Li-ion battery electrodes.14-16 Electrolyte reduction and SEI layer formation on a Si electrode usually take place at potentials below 1.8 V vs. Li/Li + and accompany the formation of Li-Si phases, the so-called "Si-Li alloying" process at E <0.4 V vs. Li/Li + . 17 The exact mechanism of the SEI formation processes on Si, the SEI composition and the effect on the Si electrode electrochemical cycling performance is not well understood. 18 On the other hand, SEI-forming electrolyte additives such as vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) are known to alter the composition and properties of the SEI on Si and improve the electrode electrochemical performance. [19][20][21] Interestingly, recent model studies on Sn single crystal electrodes in organic carbonate electrolytes revealed a strong correlation between the crystal surface orientation and the SEI composition.22,23 A similar study of the composition of the SEI on a silicon monocrystal electrode showed strong effects of different SEI formation protocols, presence/absence of intrinsic SiO 2 , electrolyte composition and impurities e.g., HF. [24][25][26] Also graphite exhibits different SEI layer compos...

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“…It is widely known that VC is a good SEI-forming additive not only for graphite, but also for Si negative electrodes. 9,2426,30 It gives a smooth and homogeneous SEI film on the surface of Si negative electrode and suppresses the SEI growth upon cycling, 30 resulting in an improvement in cycleability for both the pristine and carbon-coated Si-LP samples shown in Fig. 7.…”

Section: Effects Of Vc Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Coating of Si Thin Flakes and Negative Electrode Properties in Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2012

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To reduce the high irreversible capacity (Q irr ) of Si thin flake (Si-LP) negative electrode, carbon-coated Si-LPs were prepared using citric acid as a precursor and their charge/discharge properties were investigated as negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The carbon-coated powder was homogeneously coated with a thin carbon layer (8-10 and 6-8 nm in thickness for Si-LPs heat-treated at 600 and 700°C, respectively, 14 wt% for each). The irreversible capacity Q irr was successfully reduced to about a half (ca. 1100 mAh g −1 ) of that of the pristine Si-LP (2336 mAh g −1 ), though the cycleability was slightly deteriorated. The cycleability of Si-LP@Cs was significantly improved by the addition of 10 wt% VC in the electrolyte solution. Si-LP@C(700°C) kept high discharge capacities over 2000 mAh g −1 even after 50 cycles with a reduced Q irr of ca. 1300 mAh g −1 compared with the pristine Si-LP (ca. 2450 mAh g −1 ).

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Effect of vinylene carbonate (VC) as electrolyte additive on electrochemical performance of Si film anode for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 381 publications

References 24 publications

Capacity Fading Mechanisms of Silicon Nanoparticle Negative Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Capacity Fading Mechanisms of Silicon Nanoparticle Negative Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

The Mechanism of SEI Formation on a Single Crystal Si(100) Electrode

Carbon Coating of Si Thin Flakes and Negative Electrode Properties in Lithium-Ion Batteries

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