Effect of video lag on laparoscopic surgery: correlation between performance and usability at low latencies

Kumcu, Asli; Vermeulen, Lotte; Elprama, Shirley; Duysburgh, Pieter; Platiša, Ljiljana; Nieuwenhove, Yves Van; Winkel, Nele Van De; Jacobs, An; Looy, Jan Van; Philips, Wilfried

doi:10.1002/rcs.1758

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The latency threshold for adverse phenomena (stress, shorter working memory, dizziness, nausea), as well as for actual impact on decision‐making, has been established at 300 ms. Although the latencies achieved so far by optic fibre suffice for safe telementoring, the greater quality in data transmission, the possibility of multiconnectivity, and the likely cost reduction (as the system does not rely on a robot) make 5G a more viable option.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G-assisted telementored surgery

Lacy

Bravo

Otero-Piñeiro

et al. 2019

British Journal of Surgery

104

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G-assisted telementored surgery

Lacy

Bravo

Otero-Piñeiro

et al. 2019

British Journal of Surgery

104

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“…The second reason was that the sole purpose of the tests is to measure latency which can be experienced by an operator who is looking at the display and controlling the remote robot mostly based on the video feedback, i.e., user-perceived latency. Previous studies [11] showed that just-noticeable difference (JND, defined as the change in the intensity of a stimulus needed for humans to perceive a difference) for video latency applications was measured to be approximately 15ms.…”

Section: Web Camera Latency Measurements By Using Pps Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While remote presence systems differ in various purposes and the fields they are deployed in, one common thing they all share is their dependence on the video feedback from the remote plant to the operator. The effect of video latency in remote presence systems has been studied in [11], with telerobotic surgery system as the target application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation

Kaknjo

Rao

Omerdić

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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This work presents a detailed study, characterization, and measurement of video latency in a real-time video streaming application. The target application consists of an automatic control system in the form of a control station and the mini Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) equipped with a camera, which is controllable over local area network (LAN) and the Internet. Control signal transmission and feedback measurements to the operator usually impose real-time constraints on the network channel. Similarly, the video stream, which is required for the normal system control and maneuvering, imposes further strict requirements on the network in terms of bandwidth and latency. Based on these requirements, controlling the system in real time through a standard Internet connection is a challenging task. The measurement of important network parameters like availability, bandwidth, and latency has become mandatory for remotely controlling the system in real time. It is necessary to establish a methodology for the measurement of video and network latency to improve the real-time controllability and safety of the system as such measurement is not possible using existing solutions due to the following reasons: insufficient accuracy, relying on the Internet resources such as generic Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers, inability to obtain one-way delay measurement, and many solutions only having support for web cameras. Here, an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective methodology for the measurement of latency of a video stream over a LAN and the Internet is proposed. A dedicated stratum-1 NTP server is used and the necessary software needed for acquiring and measuring the latency of a video stream from a generic IP camera as well as integration into the existing ROV control software was developed. Here, by using the software and dedicated clock synchronization equipment (NTP server), it was found that normal video latencies in a LAN were in the range of 488ms -850ms, while latencies over the Internet were measured to be in the range of 558ms -1211ms. It is important to note that the values were obtained by using a generic (off-the-shelf) IP camera and they represent the actual latencies which might be experienced during control over long range and across international territory borders.

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“…One of the drawbacks is the requirement for dedicated communication networks to control the time latency in the loop in which a surgeon performs an action until the result becomes visible. This latency has been the subject of research and should be below 105 msec to avoid deterioration of the performance and user experience [40]. This can presently only be achieved using private networks.…”

Section: Applications Of Vr Ar and Mr In Urologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality to Urology

et al. 2016

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Recent developments in virtual, augmented, and mixed reality have introduced a considerable number of new devices into the consumer market. This momentum is also affecting the medical and health care sector. Although many of the theoretical and practical foundations of virtual reality (VR) were already researched and experienced in the 1980s, the vastly improved features of displays, sensors, interactivity, and computing power currently available in devices offer a new field of applications to the medical sector and also to urology in particular. The purpose of this review article is to review the extent to which VR technology has already influenced certain aspects of medicine, the applications that are currently in use in urology, and the future development trends that could be expected.

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Effect of video lag on laparoscopic surgery: correlation between performance and usability at low latencies

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

5G-assisted telementored surgery

5G-assisted telementored surgery

Real‐Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation

Application of Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality to Urology

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