Effect of very high limestone content and quality on the sulfate resistance of blended cements

Baldermann, Andre; Rezvani, Moien; Proske, Tilo; Grengg, Cyrill; Steindl, Florian Roman; Sakoparnig, Marlene; Baldermann, Claudia; Galán, Isabel Moratilla; Emmerich, Florian; Mittermayr, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.169

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The mix design used is presented in Table 2. Details on the casting procedure and the mineralogical and chemical composition of the eco-mortars and reference mortar are presented in [2]. The water/powder ratio was set to 0.50 for the reference mix and 0.35 for the limestone-rich mixes, utilising a polycarboxylate ether (PCE) based superplasticiser and a standard CEN quartz sand with a maximum grain size of 2 mm.…”

Section: Materials and MIX Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and thaumasite [Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)•12H2O]. This form of sulphate attack often results in severe microstructural and mechanical damage of the concrete [1][2][3]. Investigating the mechanisms linked to expansive sulphate attack and its hazardous effect on concrete stability as well as determining important durability parameters has been an effort for a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, finding a way to eliminate the physical influences and testing solely the chemical susceptibility of concrete against sulphate attack seems MATEC Web of Conferences 199, 02005 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819902005 ICCRRR 2018 Table 2. Mix design of the mortar samples under investigation (reproduced from [2]). Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Mineralogical and physical characterisation of the limestone types used, modified from [2]. See text for explanations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

et al. 2018

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Limitations in the understanding of chemical key controls on concrete damaging mechanisms exacerbate predictions on the long-term performance and durability of cementitious materials. Therefore, the scope of the project “ASSpC Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete” is to obtain a better mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying deleterious chemical attacks. The herein presented alternative test, loosely following the regulations of the German Building Authority (DIBt) testing procedure (the so-called SVA test) for sulphate resistance, investigates the resistance of concrete mixes with high levels of limestone substitution (35%, 50% and 65%) against sulphate attack in a 10 g L-1 Na2SO4 solution at ambient temperature. Powdered samples were used in favour of prisms or drill cores to accelerate alteration reactions and to eliminate variations in microstructure or porosity. Based on throughout chemical and mineralogical characterisation of the experimental solutions and solid materials, we identified and traced several mineral reactions taking place in a chronological order: (1) dissolution of portlandite and Ca-leaching from C-S-H started immediately at the beginning of the experiments and provided the physicochemical conditions favourable for (2) the precipitation of massive calcite and ettringite during the advanced stage of chemical attack. Ongoing changes in the aqueous composition indicate that C-S-H dissolves incongruently and may be transformed into Si-bearing hydrogarnet. The amount of precipitated ettringite is apparently controlled by the availability of calcium, sulphate and aluminium and the precipitation rate correlates with the superplasticiser demand of the concrete mixes and with the pH of the solution during the nucleation and crystal growth stages, respectively. Our test allows distinguishing between competing reaction paths and kinetics and is capable to provide new insights into concrete damaging mechanisms in sulphate-loaded aqueous environments.

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Section: Materials and MIX Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Mineralogical and physical characterisation of the limestone types used, modified from [2]. See text for explanations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

et al. 2018

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“…Besides the pronounced positive effects of new cement blends containing SCMs on the technical and durability properties, and on ecological aspects, i.e. reduction of the global CO 2 emissions from the cement industry sector [20], their increasing production may also pose an environmental risk: SCMs usually contain higher contents of heavy metals than pure OPC [21]. Thus, it is important to know how these critical elements are then fixed in the hardened cement paste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of heavy metals (Co, Cr, and Zn) during calcium–aluminium–silicate–hydrate and trioctahedral smectite formation

et al. 2019

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Hydrated aluminosilicates were synthesized with and without aqueous heavy metals (Me), such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn), by a sol-gel process at different initial molar ratios of Ca/(Si ? Al) (0.6-1.6) and Me/Si (0.0-2.0), and constant Al/Si ratio (0.05) using equilibrium-approaching experiments. The chemical composition of the reactive solutions during aluminosilicate precipitation and maturation was monitored by ICP-OES. The mineralogy, nanostructure, and chemical composition of the precipitates were studied by XRD and high-resolution TEM. At Me/Si ratios B 0.2, calcium-aluminium-silicate-hydrates (C-A-S-H) with a defect 14 Å tobermorite-like structure formed, whereas at a Me/Si ratio of 2.0, either trioctahedral Co-and Zn-smectite or amorphous Cr gels precipitated, independent of the initial Ca/(Si ? Al) ratio used for gel synthesis. The immobilization capacities for Co 2þ , Cr 3þ , and Zn 2þ by C-A-S-H, Cr gel, and trioctahedral smectite are 3-40 mg/g, 30-152 mg/g, and 122-141 mg/g, respectively. The immobilization mechanism of heavy metals is based on a combination of isomorphous substitution, interlayer cation exchange, surface (ad)sorption, and surface precipitation. In engineered systems, such as underground concrete structures and nuclear waste disposal sites, hydrated aluminosilicates should exhibit a high detoxication potential for aqueous heavy metals.

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Kalksteinmehl als Betonzusatzstoff – Vorschlag für die Anrechenbarkeit auf den Zementgehalt und Potenzial zur CO₂‐Reduktion im Betonbau

Herget

Müller

Proske

et al. 2021

Beton und Stahlbetonbau

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Um die mit der Betonindustrie verbundenen CO2‐Emissionen deutlich zu reduzieren, ist ein verstärkter Einsatz von Betonzusatzstoffen zur Reduktion des Zementklinkergehalts des Betons anzustreben. Eine Anrechenbarkeit von Betonzusatzstoffen Typ II für die Berechnung des äquivalenten w/z‐Werts und den Nachweis des Mindestzementgehalts ist bereits über den k‐Wert‐Ansatz in DIN EN 206‐1 bzw. DIN 1045‐2 normativ geregelt. Durch eine Erweiterung des Ansatzes auf Kalksteinmehle könnte ein Anreiz geschaffen werden, den Zementklinkergehalt im Beton weiter abzusenken und somit die CO2‐Emissionen deutlich zu reduzieren. Obwohl Kalksteinmehl als Betonzusatzstoff Typ I nahezu inert ist, besteht aufgrund physikalisch‐mechanischer Effekte ein gewisser Beitrag zur Festigkeitsentwicklung von Beton. Nachfolgend wird auf Grundlage von Ergebnissen langjähriger Forschungsarbeiten eine potenzielle Anrechenbarkeit von Kalksteinmehl, basierend auf dem Prinzip der vergleichbaren Leistungsfähigkeit nach DIN EN 1992‐1, für Betone vorgestellt. Als Ergebnis wird für Kalksteinmehl ein k‐Wert von 0,15 bei der Berechnung des Wasserzementwerts sowie eine volle Anrechenbarkeit auf den Mindestzementgehalt vorgeschlagen.

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Effect of very high limestone content and quality on the sulfate resistance of blended cements

Cited by 37 publications

References 76 publications

A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

Removal of heavy metals (Co, Cr, and Zn) during calcium–aluminium–silicate–hydrate and trioctahedral smectite formation

Kalksteinmehl als Betonzusatzstoff – Vorschlag für die Anrechenbarkeit auf den Zementgehalt und Potenzial zur CO₂‐Reduktion im Betonbau

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Effect of very high limestone content and quality on the sulfate resistance of blended cements

Cited by 37 publications

References 76 publications

A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

A new test for combined Ca-leaching and sulphate resistance of cementitious materials

Removal of heavy metals (Co, Cr, and Zn) during calcium–aluminium–silicate–hydrate and trioctahedral smectite formation

Kalksteinmehl als Betonzusatzstoff – Vorschlag für die Anrechenbarkeit auf den Zementgehalt und Potenzial zur CO2‐Reduktion im Betonbau

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Kalksteinmehl als Betonzusatzstoff – Vorschlag für die Anrechenbarkeit auf den Zementgehalt und Potenzial zur CO₂‐Reduktion im Betonbau