Effect of Varying Ratios and Rates of Enriched Cattle Manure on Leaf Nitrogen Content, Yield and Quality of Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Tabu, I.M.; Kekana, Vivian Moroamoche; Kamau, D. M.

doi:10.5539/jas.v7n5p175

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The findings in Timbilil were corroborated by earlier investigations by Njogu et al (2014) which showed a significant correlation of yield with nutrient levels (NPK) on tea and Chimdessa (2016) on maize. Similar findings on responses of tea yield due to N-application rates were also reported by Kamau et al (2003), Kamau (2011), Owuor et al (2009), Owuor et al 2010, Njogu et al (2014 and Tabu et al (2015) who all confirmed that mature clonal tea requires N-fertilizers to enhance yield. However, our results in Kagochi contradicted these findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effects of Blended Fertilizers on Yields of Mature Tea Clones TRFK 6/8 and BBK 35 Grown in Kenyan Highlands

Sitienei¹,

Kamiri²,

Nduru³

et al. 2018

Indones. J. Agric. Sci.

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<p>Kenya’s tea industry depends predominantly on imported NPK fertilizers to replenish nutrients removed through plucking. In this respect, two blended fertilizers containing NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg and NPKS 23:5:5:4+10Ca+3Mg with trace elements have been produced in the country. However, contribution of the blended fertilizers to optimal tea yields had not been determined. The study aimed to evaluate the optimal levels of the two blended fertilizers on tea grown in the highlands of Kenya. The blended fertilizers were evaluated in two sites, i.e. Timbilil estate in Kericho and Kagochi farm in Nyeri. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two blended fertilizers and the standard NPK 26:5:5 as a control. The treatments were applied at four fertilizer rates (0-control, 75, 150 and 225 kg N ha-1 yr-1), with three replications. The results showed that application of 225 kg N ha-1 yr-1 blended fertilizer NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg in Timbilil produced mean yield of 2,995 kg Mt ha-1 compared with 3,099 kg Mt ha-1 from the standard NPK. In Kagochi, the highest yield was 1,975 kg Mt ha-1 obtained from the application of the same blended fertilizer NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg at 75 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The highest yields in both sites were obtained during a warm-dry season except in 2015-2016. This study concluded that based on the annual and seasonal yields, the two blended fertilizers and the standard type had the same effectiveness, irrespective of clones and sites. However, the fertilizer rates affected the tea yield.</p>

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effects of Blended Fertilizers on Yields of Mature Tea Clones TRFK 6/8 and BBK 35 Grown in Kenyan Highlands

Sitienei¹,

Kamiri²,

Nduru³

et al. 2018

Indones. J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Enriched sheep manure gave high yield compared to control, sheep manure alone and NPK. This is similar to [28] findings on enriched cattle manure used in tea. However, NPKS still gave high yields but season two showed the lowest yields as compared to other seasons (Table 8).…”

Section: Tea Yieldssupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of Seasons on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Tea Yields Based on Enriched Sheep Manure Used in Kericho, Kenya

Ruto¹,

Kebeney²,

Bore³

et al. 2019

JACEN

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Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) is a perennial crop grown for beverage consumption. Its production is the leading foreign exchange earner in Kenya contributing about 26% foreign exchange and 4% GDP. Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the recommended nutrients for tea production. However, their continuous use has been reported to have negative effect on soil physico-chemical properties and health. Sheep manure has been recommended in tea production for its soil pH buffering effect and increased tea yields. However, effects of sheep manure enriched with inorganic fertilizer on tea soils and yield have not been conclusively investigated. This study was established at KALRO-Tea Research Institute Kericho in Timbilil estate to determine the impact of seasonal variation on soil pysico-chemical properties and yields on enriched sheep manure used. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) experimental design was adopted with 14 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were: control with no fertilizer use, NPK at 180 Kgs N/ha/yr, sheep manure only and two enriched sheep manure ratios of 4:1 and 8:1 which translates to a mixture of (4:1) 4 parts of sheep manure and 1 part of D.A.P inorganic fertilizer. Same applied to 8:1 ratio, respectively at rates of 60, 120, 180 and 240 Kgs N/ha once per year. Data were subjected to ANOVA in GenStat statistical package and means separated by Duncan's multiple range tests at P ≤ 0.05 significance level. Results obtained showed that soil physico-chemical properties and tea yields were influenced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by treatments applied. Soil available water and organic matter were higher on enriched sheep manure 4:1 at 240 rate used while soil porosity and bulk density were not significantly affected. Total N and P, increased with enriched sheep manure ratio of 4:1 at 240 rate while K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Mn and pH increased with sole application of sheep manure at rate 180 and enriched How to cite this paper: RutoJournal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment sheep manure 8:1 at 180 rate. Tea yields increased with enriched sheep manure 4:1 ratios at the rates of 240. The findings recommend enriched sheep manure 4:1 ratio at 240 rates to be adopted by tea farmers within Kericho region. Further studies involving different geographical locations are proposed.

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“…In tea, the rate of nutrient removal depends on the duration of plucking rounds and their intensity. Continuous plucking of the tea leaves leads to the mining of the macronutrients N, P and K, thus making it necessary to replenish the nutrients to the plant (Tabu et al 2015). The harvestable portion of the tea plant contains a high percentage of nutrients, nitrogen (N) being the most abundant nutrient followed by potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) (Sultana et al 2014).…”

Section: Nutritional Requirements For Tea Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and nutritional requirements for tea cultivation

Hajiboland

2017

Folia Horticulturae

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Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important beverage crop cultivated in the tropics and subtropics under acid soil conditions. Increased awareness of the health-promoting properties of the tea beverage has led to an increase in its level of consumption over the last decades. Tea production contributes significantly to the economy of several tea-cultivating countries in Asia and Africa. Environmental constrains, particularly water deficiency due to inadequate and/or poorly distributed rainfall, seriously limit tea production in the majority of tea-producing countries. It is also predicted that global climate change will have a considerable adverse impact on tea production in the near future. Application of fertilizers for higher production and increased quality and quantity of tea is a common agricultural practice, but due to its environmental consequences, such as groundwater pollution, the rate of fertilizer application needs to be reconsidered. Cultivation of tea under humid conditions renders it highly susceptible to pathogens and pest attacks. Application of pesticides and fungicides adversely affects the quality of tea and increases health risks of the tea beverage. Organic cultivation as an agricultural practice without using synthetic fertilizers and other chemical additives such as pesticides and fungicides is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to producing healthy tea. A growing number of tea-producing countries are joining organic tea cultivation programmes in order to improve the quality and to maintain the health benefits of the tea produced.Ke y wor d s: aluminium, global climate change, nitrogen fertilizers, organic culture, phosphorus fertilizers, soil pH, water deficiency Abbreviations: C a -atmospheric CO 2 concentration, T a -atmospheric temperature, ESTs -estimated sequence tags, N sh -harvestable shoot density, W sh -harvestable shoot weight, C i -intracellular CO 2 concentration, T l -leaf temperature, P max -maximum photosynthetic rate, T m -maximum temperature, P n -net photosynthetic rate, T o -optimum temperature, PAR -photosynthetic active radiation, ROS -reactive oxygen species, SER -shoot extension rate, SRC -shoot replacement cycle, T s -soil temperature, SWD -soil water deficit, g s -stomatal conductance, SSH technique -suppression subtractive hybridization technique, T t -threshold temperature, TE -transpiration efficiency, VPD -vapour pressure deficit, WUE -water use efficiency

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Effect of Varying Ratios and Rates of Enriched Cattle Manure on Leaf Nitrogen Content, Yield and Quality of Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Blended Fertilizers on Yields of Mature Tea Clones TRFK 6/8 and BBK 35 Grown in Kenyan Highlands

Effects of Blended Fertilizers on Yields of Mature Tea Clones TRFK 6/8 and BBK 35 Grown in Kenyan Highlands

Impact of Seasons on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Tea Yields Based on Enriched Sheep Manure Used in Kericho, Kenya

Environmental and nutritional requirements for tea cultivation

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