Effect of Varying Levels of Fatty Acids from Palm Oil on Feed Intake and Milk Production in Holstein Cows

Mosley, S.A.; Mosley, Erin E.; Hatch, B.; Szasz, J. I.; Corato, Adolfo; Zacharias, N.; Howes, D.; McGuire, Mark A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)71583-7

Cited by 87 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, production responses to highly saturated fats (>85% saturated) have varied greatly. For instance, supplementation of a highly saturated fat fed at 1.5 to 2% of diet DM had various effects on productive performance compared with a control diet with no fat added: increasing milk yield by 3.1 kg/d (Mosley et al, 2007) and 2.2 kg/d (Wang et al, 2010), or not affecting milk yield (Lock et al, 2013); increasing fat yield by 286 g/d (Mosley et al, 2007) and 90 g/d (Lock et al, 2013), or not affecting fat yield (Warntjes et al, 2008); and increasing DMI by 3.1 kg/d (Mosley et al, 2007), not affecting DMI (Wang et al, 2010), or decreasing DMI by 1.4 kg/d (Lock et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Fat supplements vary in FA chain lengths and degree of esterification and in their feeding rates, which vary widely from less than 2% (Wang et al, 2010) to greater than 5% of diet DM (Mosley et al, 2007) across experiments. In addition, the substitution method might also affect production responses if the supplement is added in place of a source of glucose precursors such as corn (Wang et al, 2010), a fermentable fiber source such as soyhulls (Lock et al, 2013), or the base diet (Mosley et al, 2007). Because of inconsistent responses to feeding saturated fats, it is currently not clear when these supplements should be fed and whether their use can increase production and feed efficiency of cows and profitability of dairy farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palmitic acid increased yields of milk and milk fat and nutrient digestibility across production level of lactating cows

Piantoni

Lock

Allen

2013

Journal of Dairy Science

129

154

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The effects of palmitic acid supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, and metabolic and production responses were evaluated in dairy cows with a wide range of milk production (34.5 to 66.2 kg/d) in a crossover design experiment with a covariate period. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows (151 ± 66 d in milk) were randomly assigned to treatment sequence within level of milk production. Treatments were diets supplemented (2% of diet DM) with palmitic acid (PA; 99% C16:0) or control (SH; soyhulls). Treatment periods were 21 d, with the final 4 d used for data and sample collection. Immediately before the first treatment period, cows were fed the control diet for 21 d and baseline values were obtained for all variables (covariate period). Milk production measured during the covariate period (preliminary milk yield) was used as covariate. In general, no interactions were detected between treatment and preliminary milk yield for the response variables measured. The PA treatment increased milk fat percentage (3.40 vs. 3.29%) and yields of milk (46.0 vs. 44.9 kg/d), milk fat (1.53 vs. 1.45 kg/d), and 3.5% fat-corrected milk (44.6 vs. 42.9 kg/d), compared with SH. Concentrations and yields of protein and lactose were not affected by treatment. The PA treatment did not affect dry matter (DM) intake or body weight, tended to decrease body condition score (2.93 vs. 2.99), and increased feed efficiency (3.5% fat-corrected milk/DM intake; 1.60 vs. 1.54), compared with SH. The PA treatment increased total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (39.0 vs.35.7%) and organic matter (67.9 vs. 66.2%), but decreased fatty acid (FA) digestibility (61.2 vs. 71.3%). As total FA intake increased, total FA digestibility decreased (R(2) = 0.51) and total FA absorbed increased (quadratic R(2) = 0.82). Fatty acid yield response, calculated as the additional FA yield secreted in milk per unit of additional FA intake, was 11.7% for total FA and 16.5% for C16:0 plus cis-9 C16:1 FA. The PA treatment increased plasma concentration of nonesterified FA (101 vs. 90.0 μEq/L) and cholecystokinin (19.7 vs. 17.6 pmol/L), and tended to increase plasma concentration of insulin (10.7 vs. 9.57 μ IU/mL). Results show that palmitic acid fed at 2% of diet DM has the potential to increase yields of milk and milk fat, independent of production level without increasing body condition score or body weight. However, a small percentage of the supplemented FA was partitioned to milk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmitic acid increased yields of milk and milk fat and nutrient digestibility across production level of lactating cows

Piantoni

Lock

Allen

2013

Journal of Dairy Science

129

154

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“…Some of the SFA of coconut and palm oils pass into adipose, without affecting total SFA compared with control (Jordan et al, 2006). Palm oil supplementation increased milk total SFA, while decreasing total monounsaturated FA and cis-9,trans-11-18:2 concentrations (Mosley et al, 2007). Thus, this group of oils probably do not benefit FA composition of ruminant products, despite the inhibitory effect of lauric acid (12:0) on B. fibrisolvens (Henderson, 1973).…”

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confidence: 93%

The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation

Lourenço

Ramos-Morales

Wallace

2010

Animal

298

287

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Despite the fact that the ruminant diet is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ruminant products -meat, milk and dairy -contain mainly saturated fatty acids (SFA) because of bacterial lipolysis and subsequent biohydrogenation of ingested PUFA in the rumen. The link between SFA consumption by man and coronary heart disease is well established. In contrast, ruminant products also contain fatty acids that are known to be beneficial to human health, namely conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). The aims of research in this field have been to understand the microbial ecology of lipolysis and biohydrogenation and to find ways of manipulating ruminal microbes to increase the flow of PUFA and CLA from the rumen into meat and milk. This review describes our present understanding of the microbial ecology of ruminal lipid metabolism, including some apparently anomalous and paradoxical observations, and the status of how the metabolism may be manipulated and the possible consequential effects on other aspects of ruminal digestion. Intuitively, it may appear that inhibiting the ruminal lipase would cause more dietary PUFA to reach the mammary gland. However, lipolysis releases the non-esterified fatty acids that form the substrates for biohydrogenation, but which can, if they accumulate, inhibit the whole process. Thus, increasing lipase activity could be beneficial if the increased release of non-esterified PUFA inhibited the metabolism of CLA. Rumen ciliate protozoa do not carry out biohydrogenation, yet protozoal lipids are much more highly enriched in CLA than bacterial lipids. How could this happen if protozoa do not metabolise PUFA? The answer seems to lie in the ingestion of plant organelles, particularly chloroplasts, and the partial metabolism of the fatty acids by contaminating bacteria. Bacteria related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens are by far the most active and numerous biohydrogenating bacteria isolated from the rumen. But do we misunderstand the role of different bacterial species in biohydrogenation because there are uncultivated species that we need to understand and include in the analysis? Manipulation methods include dietary vegetable and fish oils and plant-derived chemicals. Their usefulness, efficacy and possible effects on fatty acid metabolism and on ruminal microorganisms and other areas of their metabolism are described, and areas of opportunity identified.Keywords: biohydrogenation, cellulose digestion, lipase, microbial protein synthesis, rumen ImplicationsThe conversion of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) by ruminants has important health implications for human health. However, ruminant products are also rich in conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), which have positive implications for human health. The transformation from PUFA to SFA (biohydrogenation), and the formation of CLA, is catalysed by the microorganisms that inhabit the rumen. Researchers are finding ways to manipulate biohydrogenation, by identifying the microorganisms responsible and by finding...

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“…Rumen inert FA supplements of palmitic acid, for example calcium salts and free FA, or stearic acid, have influenced milk fat content as well as changed its FA profile (Grummer 1991;Palmquist et al 1993;Harvatine & Allen 2006;Jenkins & McGuire 2006) and increased milk yield (Mosley et al 2007;Warntjes et al 2008) of lactating dairy cows. However, there are concerns with respect to digestibility of the medium-and long-chain FA by lactating cows related to carbon chain length and saturation (Doreau & Ferlay 1994;Pantoja et al 1996b;Dohme et al 2004;Glasser et al 2008;Schmidely et al 2008) that are associated with rumen inert fats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of feeding lipid supplements high in palmitic acid or stearic acid on performance of lactating dairy cows

Chamberlain

DePeters

2016

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Effects of feeding lipid supplements high in free fatty acids (FAs) of palmitate (C16:0) or stearate (C18:0) plus C18:1 cis 9&10 on milk yield and composition, apparent whole-tract apparent digestibility of FA, and the FA composition of milk lipids were studied. Four lactating Holstein cows with ruminal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square assignment of four dietary treatments. Lipid supplements were enriched in free fatty concentrations of either palmitic acid (P) or stearic acid (S). The total mixed-ration contained 20 g/kg of lipid supplement that consisted of varying proportions of P to S. Treatments were: 100:0 P:S (P), 0:100 P:S (S), and two mixtures including 66:34 P:S (PS) and 34:66 P:S (SP). Milk yield and dry matter intake were not affected by lipid supplement, but the concentration and yield of fat in milk increased with increasing C16:0 in the lipid supplement. Increasing the C16:0 concentration in the lipid supplement increased its concentration in milk lipids while increasing C18:0 in the lipid supplement increased C18:0 concentration in milk fat. Whole-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) did not differ with lipid supplement, but organic matter digestibility tended to decrease with increasing C18:0 in the lipid supplement. Whole-tract digestibility of total FAs decreased with the increasing proportion of C18:0 to C16:0 in the lipid supplement. Apparent digestibility of C16:0 and C18:0 was not different within dietary treatment. The FA composition of the lipid supplement impacted both whole-tract digestibility of FAs and FA composition of milk lipids. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Effect of Varying Levels of Fatty Acids from Palm Oil on Feed Intake and Milk Production in Holstein Cows

Cited by 87 publications

References 24 publications

Palmitic acid increased yields of milk and milk fat and nutrient digestibility across production level of lactating cows

Palmitic acid increased yields of milk and milk fat and nutrient digestibility across production level of lactating cows

The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation

Impacts of feeding lipid supplements high in palmitic acid or stearic acid on performance of lactating dairy cows

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