Effect of varying hydrothermal temperature, time, and sludge pH on sludge solubilisation

Babu, Reshma; Capannelli, G.; Bernardini, Massimo; Pagliero, Marcello; Comite, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.crcon.2022.12.001

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Hydrothermal methods are methods of synthesis of CNP materials using single or heterogeneous reactions in aqueous solutions at high temperatures (T > 25 °C) and pressures > 100 kPa. The hydrothermal method was chosen because it is relatively simple and does not require equipment complex and expensive (Anh Tuan et al, 2021), but it also has several advantages such as fast heating (Ruiz-Jorge et al, 2021), fast reaction (Auyoong et al, 2013), better results, high purity and efficiency, transformation energy (Babu et al, 2023). The selection of temperatures aims to control the optical properties and intensity of luminescence of CNPs (Kapitonov et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Hydrothermal Temperature and Time of Urea-Doping on the Optical Properties of Lemongrass-Based Carbon Dots

Nalwi,

Maddu,

Kurniati

et al. 2023

Jambura Physics J.

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CDs sourced from spiced lemongrass have been produced by hydrothermal method at hydrothermal temperatures of 120 ℃, 140 ℃, 160 ℃ and 180 ℃. The addition of urea as a nitrogen source was carried out in the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles at a hydrothermal temperature of 180 ℃ for two hours and three hours to see the effect on the optical properties of the CDs. The addition of urea gave a different effect on the two CDs. But the energy band gap (Eg) of the two becomes narrower. For two hours of hydrothermal duration, the addition of urea showed a significant increase in absorbance, but a decrease in fluorescence intensity, whereas for three hours, it resulted in an increase in fluorescence intensity. The results of measuring the size distribution of carbon nanoparticles showed a peak value of 52.32 nm. Functional group analysis using the FTIR spectrometer showed that the carbon nanoparticles consisted of C=C, C-O, O-H, 𝐶-N-𝐶 bonds. Urbach energy (Eu) increases with increasing hydrothermal synthesis temperature at 2 hours and 3 hours. The decrease and increase in the Urbach energy (Eu) is caused by the increasing regularity of the hydrothermal temperature as a result of the synthesis time so that the structure of the CDs becomes more stable and homogeneous.

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