Effect of various synthesis parameters on styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer properties

Chaudhary, Vasu; Sharma, Sweta

doi:10.1007/s10934-019-00753-7

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nowadays, organic supports are widely used due to their promising features such as nonvolatility, nontoxicity, recyclability, insolubility, and easy separation of products from the reaction mixture; therefore, in the last few years, organic supports have attracted the attention of researchers . Polymer‐anchored catalysts are attaining significance for their use in organic transformations (oxidation, epoxidation, and hydrogenation) as they generate less unwanted materials than nonsupported catalysts, which make the whole process more economical …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Synthesis of polymer‐silica hybrid‐supported catalysts for solvent‐free oxidation of ethylbenzene with TBHP

Chaudhary

Sharma

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymer-silica hybrid support was synthesized, and Cu (II), Co (II), Mn (II), and Ni (II) metals were loaded over hybrid support by incipient impregnation method. Oxidation of ethylbenzene was performed for catalytic evaluation of catalysts at different reaction conditions, that is, the mole ratio of ethylbenzene to TBHP and reaction temperature. The main reaction product was acetophenone along with benzaldehyde as the minor product. The highest ethylbenzene conversion (96.5%) was attained at a 1:3 mole ratio of ethylbenzene to TBHP and temperature at 100 C. Activation energy and reusability of the catalysts were also determined, and results showed that they can be easily reused three times without much loss in their structural and catalytic properties.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Synthesis of polymer‐silica hybrid‐supported catalysts for solvent‐free oxidation of ethylbenzene with TBHP

Chaudhary

Sharma

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The strong absorption bands 1168 cm −1 , 877 cm −1 and 838 cm −1 characterize asymmetric and symmetric vibrations of the CF 2 bond and vibrations of the C-F bond, respectively, in the CJMA-3 membrane. These peaks are characteristic of polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The IR spectrum of the CJMA-6 membrane shows peaks related to the stretching vibrations of C-C (1303 cm −1 ) and C-H (860 cm −1 ) bonds characteristic of polyolefins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Chemical Nature of Fixed Groups of Anion-Exchange Membranes Affects the Performance of Electrodialysis of Phosphate-Containing Solutions?

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Innovative ion exchange membranes have become commercially available in recent years. However, information about their structural and transport characteristics is often extremely insufficient. To address this issue, homogeneous anion exchange membranes with the trade names ASE, CJMA-3 and CJMA-6 have been investigated in NaxH(3−x)PO4 solutions with pH 4.4 ± 0.1, 6.6 and 10.0 ± 0.2, as well as NaCl solutions with pH 5.5 ± 0.1. Using IR spectroscopy and processing the concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity of these membranes in NaCl solutions, it was shown that ASE has a highly cross-linked aromatic matrix and mainly contains quaternary ammonium groups. Other membranes have a less cross-linked aliphatic matrix based on polyvinylidene fluoride (CJMA-3) or polyolefin (CJMA-6) and contain quaternary amines (CJMA-3) or a mixture of strongly basic (quaternary) and weakly basic (secondary) amines (CJMA-6). As expected, in dilute solutions of NaCl, the conductivity of membranes increases with an increase in their ion-exchange capacity: CJMA-6 < CJMA-3 << ASE. Weakly basic amines appear to form bound species with proton-containing phosphoric acid anions. This phenomenon causes a decrease in the electrical conductivity of CJMA-6 membranes compared to other studied membranes in phosphate-containing solutions. In addition, the formation of the neutral and negatively charged bound species suppresses the generation of protons by the “acid dissociation” mechanism. Moreover, when the membrane is operated in overlimiting current modes and/or in alkaline solutions, a bipolar junction is formed at the CJMA- 6/depleted solution interface. The CJMA-6 current-voltage curve becomes similar to the well-known curves for bipolar membranes, and water splitting intensifies in underlimiting and overlimiting modes. As a result, energy consumption for electrodialysis recovery of phosphates from aqueous solutions almost doubles when using the CJMA-6 membrane compared to the CJMA-3 membrane.

show abstract

“…Previous reports have found that higher divinylbenzene content yielded smaller particles with smoother surfaces, as low divinylbenzene content led to insufficient network formation to maintain the particle shape. 57 Using the 13 kg/mol PCL macroCTA and a stir rate of 350 RPM, we varied the amount of cross-linking by changing the feed ratio of styrene and divinylbenzene from 10 to 67% divinylbenzene. The total monomer to macroCTA ratio was held constant (70:30), as was the ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase (1:25).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then explored the role of the divinylbenzene content on the particle morphology, size, and yield. Previous reports have found that higher divinylbenzene content yielded smaller particles with smoother surfaces, as low divinylbenzene content led to insufficient network formation to maintain the particle shape . Using the 13 kg/mol PCL macroCTA and a stir rate of 350 RPM, we varied the amount of cross-linking by changing the feed ratio of styrene and divinylbenzene from 10 to 67% divinylbenzene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored Mesoporous Microspheres by Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation in Suspension

Peterson

Werber

Lee

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe the preparation of block polymer beads by aqueous suspension polymerization to create poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-block-poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads that can be selectively etched under basic conditions to yield mesoporous polymer microspheres with uniform pore size. Polyvinylalcohol was used to stabilize the suspension polymerization in which styrene and divinylbenzene monomers were polymerized from a PCL macrochain transfer agent (macroCTA). The resulting polymerization-induced microphase separation process led to a nanostructured bicontinuous morphology. The particle size and pore size were independently tunable: the particle size was controlled by the stir rate of the suspension polymerizationyielding average diameters ranging from 60 to 300 μmwhile the pore size was determined by the molar mass of the PCL block, with the mode pore diameters being 6 nm and 11 nm after etching beads made using 13 and 45 kg/mol PCL blocks, respectively. Based on nitrogen sorption measurements, the surface areas of the beads were ∼300 m2/g when using a PCL macroCTA of 13 kg/mol. The beads were homogenous throughout on the micron length scale as determined by confocal Raman microscopy and lacked an impermeable skin layer as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the scalability of suspension polymerization allows for the simple synthesis of large quantities of thermoset microspheres with uniform pore size. We also demonstrate the ability to incorporate functional pore walls into the beads using multiblock precursor polymers. These functionalized mesoporous polymer beads show high affinity for ionic dyes in aqueous solutions (as a proof of principle) and remove dye from the solution at rates exceeding those of commercial ion-exchange resins. The developed procedure could be used to generate other functional surface chemistries with important applications in heterogeneous catalysis, chromatography, and water remediation.

show abstract

Effect of various synthesis parameters on styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer properties

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Synthesis of polymer‐silica hybrid‐supported catalysts for solvent‐free oxidation of ethylbenzene with TBHP

Synthesis of polymer‐silica hybrid‐supported catalysts for solvent‐free oxidation of ethylbenzene with TBHP

How Chemical Nature of Fixed Groups of Anion-Exchange Membranes Affects the Performance of Electrodialysis of Phosphate-Containing Solutions?

Tailored Mesoporous Microspheres by Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation in Suspension

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About