Effect of various levels of supplementation with sodium pivalate on tissue carnitine concentrations and urinary excretion of carnitine in the rat

Nelson, Heather K.; Lauber, Renee P.; Sheard, Nancy F.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00160-1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, the levels of dietary l -carnitine (15 and 1000 mg/kg) were selected to represent the below and above optimal level for catfish ( 26 , 28 ) . l -Carnitine deficiency can be obtained by decreasing synthesis ( 5 ) , increasing excretion ( 29 ) or by reducing dietary l -carnitine availability. In the present study, l -carnitine deficiency was induced by limiting dietary lysine level to a sub-optimum level, so as to restrict biosynthesis and reducing dietary l -carnitine availability ( 5 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise onl-carnitine and lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed different dietaryl-carnitine and lipid levels

Ozório

Ginneken

Bessa³

et al. 2009

Br J Nutr

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African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were fed four isonitrogenous diets (34 % crude protein), each containing one of two lipid (100 or 180 g/kg) and two L-carnitine (15 or 1000 mg/kg) levels. After 81 d of feeding, thirty-two fish (body weight 32 g) from each dietary group were randomly selected, sixteen fish were induced to a 3-h swim (speed of 1·5 body length (BL)/s), while the other sixteen fish were kept under resting condition. Fish fed 1000 mg L-carnitine accumulated 3·5 and 5 times more L-carnitine in plasma and muscle, respectively, than fish fed the 15 mg L-carnitine. Muscle L-carnitine content was significantly lower in exercised fish than in rested fish. High dietary lipid level (fish oil) led to an increase in muscle n-3 PUFA content and a decrease in SFA and MUFA content. In liver, the increase in dietary lipid level resulted in an increased levels of both n-6 and n-3 PUFA. L-carnitine supplementation significantly decreased n-3 PUFA content. Exercise decreased n-3 PUFA in both muscle and liver. Plasma lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, normally associated with increased glycolytic processes, were positively correlated with exercise and inversely correlated with dietary L-carnitine level. L-carnitine supplementation reduced significantly the RQ from 0·72 to 0·63, and an interaction between dietary L-carnitine and lipid was observed (P, 0·03). Our results indicate that an increase in fatty acids (FA) intake may promote FA oxidation, and both carnitine and exercise might influence the regulation of FA oxidation selectivity.African catfish: L-carnitine metabolism: Lipid metabolism: Exercise Fish are subjected to many changes in energy demand throughout their lifespan. As the lipid content of their diet increases so does the optimal dietary level of L-carnitine (1 -3) , a multi-physiological, bioactive additive compound, synthesised from two essential amino acids, protein-bound lysine and methionine. It is not entirely understood whether animals require exogenous L-carnitine, and over the past 20 years, the scientific discussion regarding this subject continued with ambiguous arguments.L-Carnitine plays several important physiological roles like shuttling the long-chain fatty acid (FA) across the inner mitochondrial membrane for ATP production (4,5) and inhibition of superoxide radical formation (6) . According to Heo et al. (2,7) , L-carnitine biosynthesis might be sufficient to maintain growth of 20-kg pigs during optimum husbandry conditions. Nevertheless, extra dietary L-carnitine is efficiently retained in body tissues, playing a role in nutrient utilisation and thus on growth performance and body composition. The rate of lipid oxidation is determined by the energy requirements of working muscles and by the availability of free L-carnitine delivery to muscle mitochondria (8,9) .Since exogenous L-carnitine may influence energy utilisation efficiency, several studies using birds and mammals as animal models tested the effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on the exercise performance and on l...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise onl-carnitine and lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed different dietaryl-carnitine and lipid levels

Ozório

Ginneken

Bessa³

et al. 2009

Br J Nutr

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“…A recent study of our group with growing pigs showed that a carnitine dose of 500 mg/kg diet causes a 2–3-fold increase of plasma and tissue total carnitine concentrations [ 21 ]. The pivalate doses tested were based on an earlier study, in which the efficacy of different pivalate doses on tissue carnitine concentrations was investigated in rats [ 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carnitine status does not affect the contractile and metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle in pigs

et al. 2018

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BackgroundRecently, supplementation of L-carnitine to obese rats was found to improve the carnitine status and to counteract an obesity-induced muscle fiber transition from type I to type II. However, it has not been resolved if the change of muscle fiber distribution induced in obese rats and the restoration of the “normal” muscle fiber distribution, which is found in lean rats, in obese rats by supplemental L-carnitine is causally linked with the carnitine status. In the present study we hypothesized that fiber type distribution in skeletal muscle is dependent on carnitine status.MethodsTo test this, an experiment with 48 piglets which were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 12) was performed. All piglets were given orally either 60 mg sodium bicarbonate/kg body weight (group CON), 20 mg L-carnitine and 60 mg sodium bicarbonate/kg body weight (group CARN), 30 mg pivalate (dissolved in sodium bicarbonate)/kg body weight (group PIV) or 20 mg L-carnitine and 30 mg pivalate/kg body weight (group CARN + PIV) each day for a period of 4 weeks.ResultsConcentrations of total carnitine in plasma, liver and longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles were 2.0–2.7 fold higher in group CARN than in group CON, whereas these concentrations were 1.9–2.5-fold lower in group PIV than in group CON. The concentrations of total carnitine in these tissues did not statistically differ between group CARN + PIV and group CON. Fiber type distribution of longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles, mRNA and protein levels of molecular regulators of fiber distribution in longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles and mRNA levels of genes reflecting the metabolic phenotype of longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles did not differ between groups.ConclusionChanges in the systemic carnitine status and the muscle carnitine concentration induced by either supplementing L-carnitine or administering pivalate have no impact on the contractile and metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscles in pigs.

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L-carnitine enhances oocyte maturation and development of parthenogenetic embryos in pigs

Wu¹,

Jia²,

Li³

et al. 2011

Theriogenology

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Effect of various levels of supplementation with sodium pivalate on tissue carnitine concentrations and urinary excretion of carnitine in the rat

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of exercise onl-carnitine and lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed different dietaryl-carnitine and lipid levels

Effects of exercise onl-carnitine and lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed different dietaryl-carnitine and lipid levels

The carnitine status does not affect the contractile and metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle in pigs

L-carnitine enhances oocyte maturation and development of parthenogenetic embryos in pigs

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