Effect of various encapsulants for frameless glass to glass Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)<sub>2</sub> photovoltaic module

Yang, Jingdong; Lee, Dong‐Ho; Baek, Donkyu; Kim, Dongseop; Nam, Junggyu; Huh, PilHo

doi:10.1039/c5ra03663a

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Increases in R S and R SH are also observed following the insertion of the barrier layer between the Mo layer and the SLG. The reduction in FF can be induced by variations in parasitic resistances, such as an increase in R S or a decrease in R SH , which are related to the electrical transport loss and the leakage current, respectively . Since the change in R S is consistent with that in FF, R S appears to be a more determinant factor in the dramatic variation in the FF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ solar cells

Park¹,

Lee²,

Song³

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

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We achieve large‐area (1602 × 902 mm2) doping uniformity without layer peel‐offs, based on a dual Na source, ie, partial Na out‐diffusion from soda‐lime glass and a homogeneously sputtered CuGa:NaF layer as an auxiliary source. We systematically investigate the optoelectronic, microstructural, and compositional characteristics of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 solar cells and analyze the underlying mechanism in detail. Na out‐diffusion from soda‐lime glass initially improves the cell performance according to the defect passivation and Na doping effects; further Na incorporation using the Na‐doped layer enhances JSC, FF, and film conductivity, which is likely due to the enhanced cell homogeneity and the alleviation of carrier transport‐limited characteristics. Excessive Na incorporation triggers the possible generation of layer peel‐offs, which is closely related to the reduced adhesion force, void generation, decrease in S/(S + Se) ratio, Ga redistribution, bandgap reduction, and increase in the low‐energy photoluminescence. These results indicate that the voids are created via Kirkendal mechanism based on the variability in atomic diffusion rates following compositional changes, resulting from the insufficiency in Na consumption or sulfurization. It is noted that an in‐line codeposition technique enables realization of high‐level Na doping as well as void‐free interface state by suppressing the defect generation, which yields high‐efficiency commercial‐scale Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 modules without layer peel‐off problems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ solar cells

Park¹,

Lee²,

Song³

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…The next step is the module assembly, which assumes the same encapsulation scheme, for all three technologies (silicon, perovskite and tandem), although it is likely that a thin‐film perovskite module would be eventually produced rather differently to current silicon modules. For example, ethyl vinyl acetate would not be required in glass–glass encapsulation scheme , but a sealant technology will be required, and cell interconnection for thin‐film modules is usually very different to that for silicon wafer cells. It is already shown that there is a possibility of making solar modules with these tandem solar cells using the same materials as the silicon .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A life cycle assessment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Lunardi

Ho‐Baillie

Alvarez-Gaitan

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Given the rapid progress in perovskite solar cells in recent years, perovskite/silicon (Si) tandem structure has been proposed to be a potentially cost‐effective improvement on Si solar cells because of its higher efficiency at a minimal additional cost. As part of the evaluation, it is important to conduct a life cycle assessment on such technology in order to guide research efforts towards cell designs with minimum environmental impacts. Here, we carry out a life cycle assessment to assess global warming, human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and ecotoxicity and abiotic depletion potential impacts and energy payback time associated with three perovskite/Si tandem cell structures using silver (Ag), gold (Au) and aluminium (Al) as top electrodes compared with p–n junction and hetero‐junction with intrinsic inverted layer Si solar cells. It was found that the replacement of the metal electrode with indium tin oxide/metal grid in the tandem cell reduces the environmental impacts significantly compared with the perovskite cell. For all the impacts assessed, we conclude that the perovskite/Si tandem using Al as top electrode has better environmental outcomes, including energy payback time, when compared with the other tandem structures studied. Use of Al in preference to noble metals for contacts, Si p–n junction in preference to intrinsic inverted layer and the avoidance of 2,20,7,70‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)9,90‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) are environmentally beneficial. The key result found of this work is that the most important factor for the better environmental impacts of these tandem solar cells is the transparency and electrical conductivity of the perovskite layer after it fails. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Such glass-to-glass packages can also employ edge seals to further prevent moisture from entering the module. This type of packaging is however, much more common for alternative PV technologies in which moisture is much more detrimental to the cells [97]. There is also evidence to suggest a glass back cover may induce more strain within the cell interconnects affecting reliability [98].…”

Section: Backsheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Davis

Rodgers

Scardera

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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This article is the third and final article in a series dedicated to reviewing each process step in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing process: feedstock, crystallization and wafering, cell fabrication, and module manufacturing. The goal of these papers is to identify relevant metrology techniques that can be utilized to improve the quality and durability of the final product. The focus of this article is on the module manufacturing process. The c-Si PV module fabrication process can be divided into three primary areas; (1) stringing and tabbing, (2) lamination, and (3) integration of junction box and bypass diode(s). Each of these processing steps can impact the reliability and durability of PV modules in the field. The ultimate goal of this article is to identify appropriate metrology techniques and characterization methods that can be utilized within a module manufacturing facility to improve the reliability and durability of the final product. Additionally, a gap analysis is carried out to identify areas in need of further research and a discussion is provided that addresses new challenges for advanced materials and emerging technologies.

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Effect of various encapsulants for frameless glass to glass Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ photovoltaic module

Abstract: Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 modules with a frameless glass to glass structure were fabricated by replacing the currently used EVA with new encapsulants, and their characteristics including optical, mechanical, and reliability properties were investigated.

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ solar cells

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ solar cells

A life cycle assessment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

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Effect of various encapsulants for frameless glass to glass Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 photovoltaic module

Abstract: Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 modules with a frameless glass to glass structure were fabricated by replacing the currently used EVA with new encapsulants, and their characteristics including optical, mechanical, and reliability properties were investigated.

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 solar cells

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 solar cells

A life cycle assessment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of various encapsulants for frameless glass to glass Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ photovoltaic module

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ solar cells

Homogeneous Na incorporation for industrial‐scale application of Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)₂ solar cells