Effect of various dietary fat supplementations on liver lipid and glycogen of high-yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period

Abstract

In a model experiment, Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were fed on a cornsilage-based diet supplemented with 11.75 MJ NE l per day of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CAS) or hydrogenated triglyceride (HTG) or without fat supplementation (control). All diets were fed to the cows over a period from 21 ± 3 days (d) prior to the expected calving to d 100 ± 5 postpartum. On d 25 (basal sample) and d 14 prepartum as well as on d 5 and 25 postpartum liver samples were collected by percutaneous biopsy. Total lipid content, fatty acid composition and glycogen of liver tissues were determined. At d 5 postpartum, both control and CAS cows had higher liver lipid (P < 0.05) and lower glycogen (P < 0.05) concentrations than cows in the HTG group. No significant (P < 0.05) differences were detected in liver fat content among the groups at d 14 prepartum or d 25 postpartum. The glycogen concentration slightly decreased in the liver of cows in each treatment group from d 14 prepartum to d 5 postpartum; however, this decrease was more intensive in both the control and CAS groups than in the HTG group. The variations in liver lipid concentrations were accompanied by significant changes in the proportion of C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6 fatty acids in the liver lipids. The results show that HTG supplementation exerted more advantageous effects on liver lipid and glycogen metabolism than did CAS supplementation.

Randomized double blind clinical trial on the effect of oral α-cyclodextrin on serum lipids

“…Our previous animal studies, in mice, demonstrated that the addition of oral α-CD to regular chow diet improved the lipid profile by lowering pro-atherogenic lipoproteins and trans-fatty acids and by decreasing the ratio of saturated and trans-fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 14 ]. In this study, low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were fed a “Western diet” (21 % milk fat) with or without 2.1 % of α-CD (10 % of dietary fat content) for 14 weeks.…”

Ultrasonographic measurement of liver, portal vein, hepatic vein and perivisceral adipose tissue in high-yielding dairy cows with fatty liver during the transition period

“…Nutrient demands by the foetus and then lactation reach their maximum in this period, and rising energy demands result in mobilization of fats, protein and other nutrients from body stores (Nielsen & Ingvartsen, 2004; Drackley et al 2005; Ingvartsen, 2006; Fiore et al 2015). Excessive fatty acid mobilization is associated with the development of fatty liver, or deposition of lipid in the hepatic cytoplasm (Karcagi et al 2008). Approximately 40–60% of high-producing dairy cows develop moderate to severe fatty liver during early lactation (Starke et al 2011).…”

Major Nutritional Metabolic Alterations Influencing the Reproductive System of Postpartum Dairy Cows

“…Prepartum feeding of canola and sunflower (8% of DMI) is shown to have positive effects on energetic metabolism in postpartum cows, however, the transition from prepar-tum to lactation appeared to be the main driver of changes in energetic metabolism [88]. An interesting study shows that postpartum hydrogenated TG supplementation exerted more positive effects on hepatic lipid and glycogen metabolism than palm oil supplementation [89]. Contrary to high prepartum fat supplementation, postpartum high fat feeding is shown to increase TGs and decrease cholesterol levels, while switching from high prepartum fat to low postpartum fat supplementation increased cholesterol levels, feed intake, and milk production [90].…”