Effect of varied carbon black distribution on the morphology and properties of blends of natural and nitrile rubber

Edirisinghe, D. G.; Freakley, P. K.

doi:10.4038/jrrisl.v86i0.1807

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As reported by Edirisinghe [7], the polarity due to the presence of cyanide groups (-CN) and the formation of network among fillers and other polar compounds in the mixture may be some reasons for higher hardness in such blends. However, a significant difference between the methods of blending cannot be found.…”

Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The formulation of NR/NBR blend compounds filled with RHANS was developed referring to the American standard testing method (ASTM) reference formulation for oil seals [7] and it is presented in Table 1. The blends were prepared according to pre-blending and phase-mixing methods.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nr/nbr Blend Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Lewan [6] has found that the properties of rubber blends are related to rubber ratio, phase morphology, interfacial tension, crosslink distribution, filler incorporated, and filler distribution between phases of rubbers in the blends. However, Edirisinghe [7] has reported that the method of preparing rubber blends (pre-blending and phase-mixing) affects the properties mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Pre-Blending and Phase-Mixing Methods on Properties of Natural Rubber and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends Filled with Nano Silica Extracted from Rice Husk Ash

et al. 2021

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Properties of natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends are varied due to blending method. The literature is evident that the pre-blending and phase-mixing methods affect the properties of blends while opposite arguments are also available. Hence, that fact was interested to study using NR/NBR blends filled with rice husk ash nano silica (RHANS) having an average particle size of 50 nm - 100 nm with some micro-scale agglomerates. The structure of RHANS was proved using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric analyses. Blends were prepared following both blending methods by varying NR to NBR ratio as 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, and 100:0 while filling 25 parts per hundred parts of rubber of RHANS. The control was the ASTM formulation for oil seals. Vulcanization properties of blends showed acceptable levels with extended scorch and cure times and high torque properties. Blends indicated less tensile and tear strength compared to the control while showing acceptable hardness, compression set, and swelling properties. Overall, there is a possibility to use RHANS in NR/NBR blends and it was found that the blending method does not affect the properties of the NR/NBR blends.

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Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Preparation Of Nr/nbr Blend Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Pre-Blending and Phase-Mixing Methods on Properties of Natural Rubber and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends Filled with Nano Silica Extracted from Rice Husk Ash

et al. 2021

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“…The formulation for preparing NR/NBR blend compounds was derived referring to the standard ASTM formulation for oil seals reported in Edirisinghe, (1999). According to the derived formulation, NR was blended with NBR at different ratios followed by compounding with other general compounding ingredients.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nr/nbr Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the derived formulation, NR was blended with NBR at different ratios followed by compounding with other general compounding ingredients. Table 01 shows the standard ASTM formulation for oil seals (the Control) filled with carbon black, 60 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) by weight (Edirisinghe, 1999) and NR/NBR blend compounds with different NR to NBR ratios, and filled with 25 phr of RHAS (treatment). According to the literature, good properties of silica filled rubber compounds have been achieved when using 20 to 30 phr of silica in NR containing compounds since the surface area and surface activity of silica is high (Sattayanurak et al, 2019;Salimi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Preparation Of Nr/nbr Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of rice husk ash silica filled natural rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber blends

et al. 2022

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Purpose: Rice husk is burnt and discarded without effective use; however, it is a reliable resource that can be used to extract silica from its ash (RHAS) and can be incorporated in rubber blends as filler. The effect of Natural rubber (NR) and Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) ratio of NR/NBR blends filled with RHAS on physico-mechanical, and swelling percentage in specific oils (brake oil, hydraulic oil, engine oil) and toluene were studied since these blends have potential applications like fluid sealing.Methodology: RHAS was extracted via sol-gel method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analyses. NR/NBR blends with different NR to NBR ratios (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, 0:100) were prepared by incorporating 25 parts per hundred parts of rubber and curing characteristics, physico-mechanical and swelling properties were evaluated. Findings:The XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses confirmed that the RHAS contains silica with a combination of nanoparticles and large agglomerates. The blends showed preferable curing characteristics while the hardness, compression set, and tear strength of blends ranged from 60-70 International Rubber Hardness Degrees, 0.5-6%, and 10-20 N/mm, respectively. Although the tensile properties (before ageing) were low, the retention of tensile strength after ageing was better in NR/NBR blends. Blends with high NBR proportion showed tolerable swelling against toluene, hydraulic oil, and engine oil while blends with low NBR proportion showed better swelling resistance to brake oil. Limitations: Time was limited to evaluate the properties of blends with different loading levels of RHAS.Value: There is a potential to use these NR/NBR blends in applications like fluid seals which require oil resistance and toluene resistance, where 0.5-6% and about 60-100% swellings are tolerable, respectively, compromising the physico-mechanical properties meanwhile replacing carbon black in respective applications.

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The effect of natural rubber on physical and mechanical properties of rubber seal for LPG tube valve

Handayani

Ramadhan

Cifriadi

et al. 2020

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The price of natural rubber (NR) continues to decline. In early January 2020 the price of Standard Indonesian Rubber (SIR) 20 was around 1.83 US$/kg and in May 2020 dropped to 1.09 US$/kg. Under this condition, NR downstream program becomes a necessity to increase domestic consumption of NR so that the sustainable rubber industry can be achieved. One prospective product and can be substituted using NR is the rubber seal for Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) tube valve. Based on the rubber seal quality requirements in Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7655: 2010, the rubber raw material should use rubber which is resistant to n-pentane. Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) synthetic rubber is suitable, meanwhile NR is not resistant to n-pentane so it is not suitable to produce rubber seal for LPG tube valve. Hence, this research studied the effect of NR on physical and mechanical properties of rubber seal compared to NBR compound. The results showed that NR improved elastic properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break and compression set, but decreased the resistance to n-pentane. Mixing NBR and NR with appropriate compositions can produce a better rubber seal for LPG tube valve.

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Effect of varied carbon black distribution on the morphology and properties of blends of natural and nitrile rubber

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Pre-Blending and Phase-Mixing Methods on Properties of Natural Rubber and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends Filled with Nano Silica Extracted from Rice Husk Ash

Effect of Pre-Blending and Phase-Mixing Methods on Properties of Natural Rubber and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends Filled with Nano Silica Extracted from Rice Husk Ash

Properties of rice husk ash silica filled natural rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber blends

The effect of natural rubber on physical and mechanical properties of rubber seal for LPG tube valve

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