Effect of variable frequency electromagnetic field on deposit formation in installations with geothermal water in Sijarinjska spa (Serbia)

Stojiljkovic, T Dragan; Mitic, C Nebojsa; Šmelcerović, Andrija; Kaličanin, Biljana; Tasić‐Kostov, Marija; Djurovic-Petrovic, Maja

doi:10.2298/tsci100827025s

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In regards to this, the object of this analysis is the sedimentation of waters from drill hole B-4 (Sijarinska spa, depth 1232 m) and drill hole VG-2 (Vranjska spa, depth 867 m). Although these locations are relatively close by, geographic characteristics and chemical composition of these waters are different and they have different physicochemical parameters [7][8][9][10][11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and geochemical characterization of geothermal waters sedimentation tendency at Sijarinska spa and Vranjska spa (Serbia)

Mitic¹,

Stojiljkovic²,

Todorović³

et al. 2014

Hem Ind

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A comprehensive analysis of physicochemical parameters in geothermal waters from the sites in Sijarinska spa (drill hole B-4) and Vranjska spa (drill hole VG-2) in order to investigate their tendency to form deposits in the pipe installation is presented. Both drill holes, B-4 and VG-2 possess utilization capacity of 30/27 L s-1 with water temperatures 75-90 °C. VG-2 water does not show any tendency of (or shows very little) sedimentation compared to the B-4 water. The behavior of the geothermal water from the B-4 hole was examined in real conditions of water flow through the pipe installation in Sijarinska spa. The results of geochemical analysis of B-4 water show that aragonite is the predominant mineral in the sediment (98%) with small amount of calcite, vaterite and anhydrite.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and geochemical characterization of geothermal waters sedimentation tendency at Sijarinska spa and Vranjska spa (Serbia)

Mitic¹,

Stojiljkovic²,

Todorović³

et al. 2014

Hem Ind

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“…The inverted configuration had a less homogeneous waveform than noninverted one, resulting in the nucleation delay for 5-12 times. Stojiljkovic et al 103 examined the effect of different EMF waveforms generated with a home-made device on deposit formation in installations with a geothermal water. By applying the sawtooth and sinusoidal function, the total amount of deposit in the pipe decreased from 2.07 grams (g) without EMF to 0.23 g and 0.30 g, respectively.…”

Section: Properties Of Emf (Intensity Waveform and Frequency)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the application of electromagnetic fields for scaling control in water systems: mechanisms, characterization, and operation

Jiang

et al. 2020

npj Clean Water

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Scale deposits in water systems often result in ample technical and economic problems. Conventional chemical treatments for scale control are expensive and may cause health concerns and ecological implications. Non-chemical water treatment technologies such as electromagnetic field (EMF) are attractive options so the use of scale inhibitors, anti-scalants, or other chemical involved processes can be avoided or minimized. Although there are demonstrated beneficial effects of EMF on scale control, the scientific basis for its purported effectiveness is not clear in the available literature, especially lack of quantitative assessment and systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of EMF technologies. This review aims to elucidate the factors pertaining to EMF water treatment and their anti-scaling effects. We have critically reviewed relevant literature on EMF scale control, in particular recent studies, in various water systems, including desalination membranes, heat exchangers (e.g., cooling towers), water pipes, and bulk solutions. We systematically studied the impacts of operational conditions on EMF efficacy, and quantitatively evaluated the EMF improvement on scaling control. The scaling prevention mechanisms, conventional and cutting-edge characterization methods, and potential real-time monitoring techniques are summarized and discussed. The economic benefits of EMF treatment in terms of chemicals, operation and maintenance costs are highlighted. This review provides guidelines for future EMF system design and points out the research needed to further enhance EMF treatment performance.

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“…Despite multiple studies in which the influence of electromagnetic fields on water has been determined [14][15][16], the phenomenon through which scale formation is prevented is not fully understood. Two main theories can be found to explain these physicochemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Calcium Carbonate Scales in Water Distribution Systems and Influence of the Electromagnetic Treatment

Boluda-Botella,

Saquete,

Martínez-Moya

et al. 2024

Water

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The formation of calcium carbonate scale in pipes and devices in water supply networks poses serious problems. Electromagnetic treatment (EMT) is a technology that can prevent the formation of these scales without the need to add chemical reagents, reducing maintenance costs in the installations. In this work, the types of crystals commonly found in water distribution systems are studied, with emphasis on the different techniques that allow their characterization (TGA, XRD, SEM), and the effects that EMT produces on their morphology. Laboratory trials have been carried out with synthetic water prepared from a calcium carbonate solution to study the crystals obtained at different temperatures, with and without EMT. High temperatures cause the production of aragonite instead of the stable form (calcite), as was observed in the samples from the heater resistors. In contrast, in the samples taken in lower temperature zones, a majority presence of calcite was observed. These results have been corroborated with a laboratory-scale evaporation trial, obtaining an increase in the aragonite/calcite ratio with increasing temperature and with the treatment applied, generating crystalline phases that exceed 70% aragonite (needle shape). It is highlighted that the EMT limits the reversion of aragonite to calcite and decreases the formation of scale.

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Effect of variable frequency electromagnetic field on deposit formation in installations with geothermal water in Sijarinjska spa (Serbia)

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Physicochemical and geochemical characterization of geothermal waters sedimentation tendency at Sijarinska spa and Vranjska spa (Serbia)

Physicochemical and geochemical characterization of geothermal waters sedimentation tendency at Sijarinska spa and Vranjska spa (Serbia)

A critical review of the application of electromagnetic fields for scaling control in water systems: mechanisms, characterization, and operation

Analysis of Calcium Carbonate Scales in Water Distribution Systems and Influence of the Electromagnetic Treatment

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