Effect of untreated pharmaceutical plant effluent on cardiac Na+-K+- ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities in mice (Mus Musculus)

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)-related throughout the world. Water pollution has been linked with the high global NCD burden but no report exists on the cardiotoxicity of untreated or poorly treated pharmaceutical effluent, despite its indiscriminate discharge into the aquatic environment in Nigeria, as in many other locations of the world. Thus, this study investigated the cardiotoxic effect of oral exposure to pharmaceutical effluent in mice. Thirty (30) male mice ( Mus musculus ) were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group A (control) received 0.2 ml distilled water, while groups B-F were treated with 0.2 ml 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 20.0% and 40% concentrations (v/v, effluent/distilled water) of the effluent respectively, for 28 days. Significant reductions ( p< 0.05) in heart weight and cardiac weight index were observed in the groups treated with 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% concentrations of the effluent, without significant change in body weight. Similarly, 28 day administration of the effluent showed significant decrease in cardiac Na + -K + -ATPase activity ( p< 0.05) at concentrations 10% and above, in a concentration dependent manner. However, there was insignificant decrease in cardiac Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase activity of the exposed mice, when compared with the control group. This study provides novel information on the cardiotoxic effects of oral exposure to untreated pharmaceutical effluent, showing reduced Na + -K + -ATPase activity and decreseased myocardial atrophy. Therefore, drinking water contaminated with pharmaceutical effluent may promote the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Further studies on the exact mechanistic routes of the induced cardiotoxicity are recommended.

Nephroprotective Property of C. chayamansa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Rats

“…Decreased Clions in the cell could be as a result of lost in the urine, sweat, and stomach secretions. Excessive loss could also occur from adrenal gland and kidney disease, heavy sweating and vomiting [38]. In this work, the decrease in the Clion concentration in the test control could be as a result of kidney impairment caused by diabetics, and the various treatments ameliorated the kidney damage and hence the increase in chloride ion as was observed.…”

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Osthole against Listeria monocytogenes

“…Na + -K + -ATPase is a sodium pump in the cell membrane, which maintains Na + and K + gradients across the cell membrane and promotes ATP synthesis . Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase acts as a calcium pump in the cell membrane and it is responsible for Ca 2+ extrusion across the plasma membrane using energy from hydrolysis of ATP to maintain a relatively low intracellular Ca 2+ concentration …”

“…45 Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase acts as a calcium pump in the cell membrane and it is responsible for Ca 2+ extrusion across the plasma membrane using energy from hydrolysis of ATP to maintain a relatively low intracellular Ca 2+ concentration. 46 The Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase activity of L. monocytogenes treated with osthole for 2 h at different concentrations is shown in Figure 8. It can be seen that the activity of Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase decreased significantly after treatment in an osthole concentrationdependent manner.…”

Research progress on the polysaccharide extraction and antibacterial activity

“…Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase facilitates the transport of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ across the plasma membrane. It hydrolyzes ATP and transports intracellular Ca 2+ out of the cell, thereby maintaining the intracellular Ca 2+ levels (Abdulkareem et al, 2019;Wang et al 2020a). Both low molecular weight polysaccharides (GCP-2) and high molecular weight polysaccharides (GCP-1) isolated from GCP inhibited Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase in the cell membranes of E. coli and S. aureus.…”

“…Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase hydrolyzes ATP to transport Ca 2+ from the cell membrane to the exterior of the cell, thereby regulating the cellular Ca 2+ levels. This process contributes to the maintenance of cellular stability and function (Abdulkareem et al, 2019). Compared with the group without xanthan oligosaccharide (LW-XG), the activity was significantly decreased in the LW-XG group, facilitated the accumulation of Ca 2+ in the cytoplasm (Wang et al 2020a).…”